新闻动态

联合实验室中英双语双月刊《遗产研究国际动态》（内刊）2025年第二期（总第二十期）已发布，全刊内容可在此下载

前沿研究

韩国文化遗产重点管理对象监测体系分析

1999 年，韩国在《文化遗产保护法》中增加了“维持原型”的新条款，文化遗产的历史痕迹必须按原样保存、实施最少干预、采用可逆的处理方法，并强调了文化遗产的原始形态就是现在的样子，它被认为是 “原型”，必须得到保护。这时原始形态的概念已经不是指它最初创造的时间，而是包括时代的痕迹。2022 年，将这一概念明确为 "原相" 。即文化遗产保存基于其价值，价值通过原相体现。介入时应考虑真实性、完整性、可持续性。原相是通过位置、配置、环境、形态与设计、材料与物质、用途与功能，以及传统技法和管理体系、意义、脉络、精神等无形属性体现出来的。

20 世纪末，当国际古迹和文物理事会（ICOMOS）和国际文化遗产保护和修复中心（ICCROM）等国际组织在文化遗产管理中重视 “原始保护” 和 “真实性” 时，韩国文化遗产厅和国家文化遗产研究所开始了安全诊断和详细诊断等“安全检查”来保障“原始性” 和 “真实性”。但当时，这项做法仅限于部分文化遗产，自 2010 年以来，文化遗产厅通过“文化遗产看护人项目”来进行更大范围的监测和预防性保护。监测开始的 “原始数据” 就是当年。留下现状记录，并留下照片、测量值以及如何变化和被损坏的图纸等各种材料，以便可以作为后代需要的文化遗产“原始形态”的信息。

通过对国家指定文化遗产的安全检查，实现预防性保护管理；通过科学监测，建立合理的保护管理体系；通过监测和详细诊断等结果，分析提出积极的保护管理措施，为集约管理的文化遗产提供中长期保护管理政策的基础数据、为利用科学数据建立长期保护措施奠定基础、为促进文化遗产结构安全研究，积累基础数据。

Analysis of Monitoring System for Key Management Objects of Korean Cultural Heritage

In 1999, South Korea added a new clause "maintaining the prototype" to the Cultural Heritage Protection Law. Historical traces of cultural heritage must be preserved as they are, with minimal intervention, and reversible treatment methods. It also emphasized that the original form of cultural heritage is what it is now. It is considered "prototype" and must be protected. At this time, the concept of original form no longer refers to the time when it was originally created, but includes traces of the times. In 2022, this concept will be made clear as "original phase". That is, cultural heritage is preserved based on its value, and the value is reflected through the original phase. Authenticity, integrity, and sustainability should be considered when intervening. The truth is manifested through location, configuration, environment, form and design, material and substance, use and function, as well as intangible attributes such as traditional techniques and management systems, meaning, context, and spirit.

At the end of the 20th century, when international organizations such as the International Council on Monuments and Antiquities (ICOMOS) and the International Center for the Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage (ICCROM) emphasized "original protection" and "authenticity" in cultural heritage management, the Korean Cultural Heritage Agency andthe National Institute of Cultural Heritage began "safety checks" such as safety diagnosis and detailed diagnosis to ensure "originality" and "authenticity". At the time, however, the practice was limited to parts of the cultural heritage, and since 2010, the Office of Cultural Heritage has been conducting more extensive monitoring and preventive protection through the "Cultural Heritage Caretaker Project". The "original data source" from which monitoring began is that year. The current situation is recorded, and various materials such as photographs, measurements, and drawings of how they were changed and damaged are left so that they can be used as information on the "original form" of cultural heritage that future generations need.

Realize preventive protection management through safety inspections of nationally designated cultural heritage. Through scientific monitoring, establish a reasonable protection management system, analyze and propose active protection management measures through monitoring and detailed diagnosis results, provide medium- and long-term protection management policy basic data for intensively managed cultural heritage, lay the foundation for using scientific data to establish long-term protection measures, and accumulate basic data for promoting research on the safety of cultural heritage structures.

资料来源：

Monitoring Report on Key Management Objects of Cultural Heritage. National Heritage Agency of Korea, National Institute of Cultural Heritage, 2023.

Monitoring and preventive protection of wooden building cultural heritage. Korean Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies Vol. 56 No. 4, 2023, 192-214.

实践案例

韩国景福宫御膳房遗址复原项目

景福宫御膳房（烧厨房）修缮项目启动于文化遗产厅政策基调“从保存到活用”转变的时间点。项目将根据1907年的《北阙图》复原御膳房建筑原型，同时复原内部用品。通过充分展示景福宫王室的饮食文化，活化利用宫廷和王室的生活文化场景，促进文化产业发展。这也将成为韩食和韩国的影响力提升为国家品牌价值的核心动力之一。

项目将景福宫御膳房的内烧厨房、外烧厨房、生物房等建筑物复原为原形，根据各建筑的用途，对食品、生活、动线、生活器材等进行调查。包括了确定各殿和内部空间的用途，厨房的设施和工具，以及器具和碗具等具体摆放位置，御膳房工作人员的职务与工作内容、动线、运营方式等内容。

韩国景福宫位于首尔钟路区社稷路161号，背靠北岳山，处于首尔市中心位置。始建于1395年，是朝鲜王朝的正宫，其名称源于《诗经·大雅·既醉》中的“既醉以酒，既饱以德；君子万年，介尔景福”。占地面积为12.6万坪（57.75公顷），整体布局呈正方形，宫殿建筑多以木材为主要材料，屋顶多为歇山式，铺灰黑色筒瓦，暗红的柱，搭配绿色窗棂，木料表面常以龙、凤、云、花等图案装饰。

宫城外围及前朝区域包括光化门、东十字阁、兴礼门等。光化门是正门，始建于1395年，最初叫“四正门”，后更名，曾被日军移建，历经多次修复。 

王室办公及宫廷活动区域主要有勤政殿、思政殿、庆会楼等。勤政殿是主殿，用于君王登基和大型朝会，矗立在二层台基上，面阔五间，斗拱飞檐；思政殿是皇室书房和办公室；庆会楼是建于莲池中央的石舫，用于国王举行宴会。

王室后庭及休闲区域包含康宁殿、交泰殿、慈庆殿、香远堂等。其中乾清宫是高宗十年所修的后宫寝居之所，由长安堂、玉壶楼、坤宁阁等组成。

御膳房作为宫殿的重要组成部分，主要负责为王室成员准备饮食。在当时，御膳房的食材选用、烹饪方法及菜品呈现都代表了朝鲜王朝最高的饮食水准。

South Korea Gyeongbokgung Imperial Kitchen Site Restoration Project

The time point when the renovation project of Gyeongbokgung-yaki kitchen started and the policy tone of the Cultural HeritageDepartmentchanged from"preservation to utilization". Therefore, the prototype will be restored according to the"North Que Map"in 1907, and the internal items will be restored at the same time. In this way, the living culture of the court and the royal family can be utilized, the cultural industry will be activated, and the food culture of the royal family of Gyeongbokgung will be fully displayed. This will also become one of the core driving forces for the promotion of Korean food and Koreanfoodas a national brand value. 

The project restores the inner soju room, outer soju room, biological room and other buildings of the Royal Kitchen of Gyeongbokgung to their original form, and investigates the food, life, circulation, and living equipment according to the purpose of each building. It includes the determination of the use of each hall and internal space, the facilities and tools of the kitchen, as well as the specific placement of utensils and bowls, the duties and work content of the staff, the movement line, and the operation method.

Gyeongbokgung Palace is located at 161 Sheji Road, Jongno District, Seoul, South Korea. It is located in the center of Seoul, backed by Beiyue Mountain. Founded in 1395, it is the main palace of the Joseon Dynasty. Its name is derived from the "Daya Drunk" in "The Book of Songs". "Drunk with wine, full with virtue; a gentleman for ten thousand years, Jieer Gyeongbok". It covers an area of 126,000 Ping (57.75 hectares), and the overall layout is square. The palace buildings are mostly made of wood as the main material. The roofs are mostly mountain-style, with gray black tubular tiles, dark red columns, and green window lattices. The wood surface is often decorated with patterns such as dragons, phoenixes, clouds, and flowers.

The outer and former areas of Miyagi include Gwanghwa Gate, East Cross Pavilion Guanghua Gate is the main entrance. It was built in 1395 and was originally called the "Four Main Entrance". It was later renamed. It was moved by the Japanese army and has been restored many times.

The main areas of the royal office and palace activities include the Qinzheng Hall, the Hall of Ideology and Politics, and the Celebration Hall. Qinzheng Hall is the main hall, which is used for monarchs to ascend the throne and large-scale court meetings. It stands on the foundation of the second floor, with a width of five rooms and bucket arches and cornices. The Hall of Ideology and Politics is the royal study and office. Qinghui Building is a stone boat built in the center of the lotus pond, which is used for kings to hold banquets.

The backyard and leisure areas of the royal family include Kangning Hall, Jiaotai Hall, Ciqing Hall, and Xiangyuan Hall. Among them, Qianqing Palace was the sleeping place of the harem built by Gao Zong in ten years. It consisted of Chang'an Hall, Jade Pot House, Kunning Pavilion, etc.

As an important part of the palace, the imperial kitchen was mainly responsible for preparing meals for the royal family. At that time, the selection of ingredients, cooking methods and presentation of dishes in the imperial kitchen represented the highest food standard of the Joseon Dynasty.

资料来源：

Survey Report on Gyeongbokgung Imperial Kitchen Site Restoration, 2012 .

平台动态

图像资料中的隐藏历史：关于葡萄牙中世纪彩绘手稿中无机蓝色颜料使用的研究

人类生产图像资料的历史是一次穿越时间的迷人之旅，它展示了人类寻找愈来愈复杂的方法来记录和分享思想、信息和（历史）故事的过程。从最早的洞穴壁画到如今复杂的数字系统，记录思想、知识和语言的演变——无论是表现形式还是文本形式——都是人类技术、文化和社会进步的独特见证。在这种背景下，采用分析方法对于理解、评估和保护图像资料所代表的重要文化和历史见证至关重要。通过材料分析、年代测定、生产过程识别和保护状况评估等方法，可以深入了解图像资料的起源、真实性和状况，这不仅有助于更深入地了解作品本身，还有助于制定保护和修复策略，确保为后世最佳地保存下来。在过去十年中，与文化遗产其他领域的分析研究同步，图像资料的材料研究已从依赖微样本分析的实验性设计发展到越来越多的现场、无损分析研究，并结合化学成像研究。这使得对作品，特别是在材料均匀性方面的评估更加深入。

本文基于葡萄牙科学与技术基金会（FCT）资助的研究与开发（R&D）项目框架内所进行的一项全面研究，该项目旨在对阿科巴萨修道院早期生产的一套彩绘手稿进行材料、礼拜、书籍学和音乐研究。研究专注于分析修道院早期使用的蓝色颜料，梳理其使用的年代顺序，特别是从自然群青蓝向蓝铜矿的转变。研究结果出人意料，改变了艺术史领域对这些颜料在图像资料中使用情况的认知，有助于提升对相关研究对象在全国乃至国际上的重视和评价。

HIDDEN HISTORIES IN GRAPHIC DOCUMENTS：a study on the use of inorganic blue pigments in Portuguese Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts

The history of the production of graphic documents is a fascinating journey through time, showing how humanity has found increasingly sophisticated ways to record and share ideas, information, and (hi)stories. From the earliest cave paintings to today's complex digital systems, the evolution of recording thought, knowledge, and language—whether in representative or textual form—represents a unique testimony to the technological, cultural, and social advancement of humanity. In this context, the use of analytical approaches becomes essential for understanding, valuing, and preserving the important cultural and historical testimonies that graphic documents represent. Through approaches such as material analysis, dating, identification of production processes, and assessment of conservation status, it is possible to delve deeper into the details about the origin, authenticity, and condition of a graphic document, contributing not only to a more profound knowledge of the work but also to the definition of conservation and restoration strategies, ensuring its best preservation for future generations. In the past decade, in line with the analytical studies in other areas of Cultural Heritage, the material study of graphic documents has evolved from once experimental designs heavily reliant on micro-sample analysis to increasingly in-situ, non-invasive analytical studies accompanied by chemical mapping. This allows for a deeper assessment of the work, particularly in terms of the homogeneity of its materials.

The present work arose from a holistic study carried out within the framework of a Research and Development (R&D) project funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), which aimed at the material, liturgical, codicological, and musical study of a set of illuminated manuscripts produced at the dawn of the Alcobaça scriptorium. In this study, we focus on the analysis of blue pigments used in the early days of the scriptorium, aiming to establish the chronology of their use, particularly the transition from natural ultramarine blue to azurite. The results obtained were surprising, leading to a shift in the knowledge of Art History regarding the use of these pigments in graphic documents, contributing to the appreciation of the objects under study, both nationally and internationally.

资料来源：

中国 - 葡萄牙“一带一路”文化遗产保护科学联合实验室（埃武拉）

活动报道

ICCROM开展世界遗产管理：人、自然与文化线上培训

由国际古迹遗址理事会（ICCROM）、世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）、韩国文化遗产管理局和挪威气候与环境部联合主办的“世界遗产管理：人、自然、文化（PNC25）”将于2025年3月17日至28日通过六次线上培训展开。

项目将提供关于遗产管理体系的构成要素以及评估其有效性的工具的总体概述，并认识到适应时代变化和现实的必要性。通过了解该体系的运作方式，可以评估其运行情况和表现，包括如何更好地利用现有资源，同时探索新的工作方式。在课程期间，参与者将被介绍用于改善世界遗产地及其他遗产地的管理、规划和决策过程的关键工具和资源。

ICCROM Launched World Heritage Management: People Nature Culture (PNC25)Online Program

Co-organizedbyICCROM, IUCN, Korea Heritage Service and the Norwegian Ministry of Climate and Environment,World Heritage Management:People, Nature, Culture (PNC25) will take place in six online sessions from 17 to 28 March 2025.

The program provides a general overview of what constitutes a heritage management system and tools to assess its effectiveness, recognizing the need to adapt to changing times and realities. By understanding how the system works, it is possible to evaluate how it operates and its performance, including how existing resources can be better utilized while exploring new ways of doing things. During the course, participants will be introduced to key tools and resources for improving management, planning and decision-making processes at World Heritage properties and other heritage places. 

ICOMOS遗产专家与利益相关者研讨会在佛罗伦萨召开

ICOMOS遗产保护修复理论和哲学国际科学委员会“遗产保护专家与其他利益相关者关于建成遗产保护的对话”暨《法鲁公约》20周年研讨会将于3月13-14日在意大利佛罗伦萨以混合形式召开 。

会议将通过北京、台湾、卡拉奇、塞萨洛尼基、贝尔格拉德、墨西哥城、斯德哥尔摩、伊斯坦布尔等地案例，探讨文化遗产的定义及其阐释，遗产保护过程的民主性、遗产保护的包容性对话、遗产保护与利益相关者的内在冲突等。

ICOMOS Conference for Conservation Experts and Other Stakeholders Held in Florence

The ICOMOS TheoPhilos Conference "Dialogue between Conservation Experts and Other Stakeholders in Built Heritage Protection" marks the 20th anniversary of the Faro Convention, and will be held from March 13 to 14 in a hybrid format in Florence, Italy.

The conference will explore a range of critical issues in cultural heritage conservation through case studies from diverse locations, including Beijing, Taiwan, Karachi, Thessaloniki, Belgrade, Mexico City, Stockholm, and Istanbul. It will examine the definition and interpretation of cultural heritage, as well as the democracy involved in thisprocesses. The conference will also focus on fostering inclusive dialogues and addressing the inherent conflicts between heritage conservation and stakeholders.

“文物保护中的遗产建筑信息模型：保护与监测的创新策略”研讨会在美因茨召开

遗产建筑信息建模（HBIM）项目启动活动，作为记录、规划和监测有害环境影响消除方法的工具，以联合国教科文组织世界遗产沃尔姆斯犹太教堂为例，并举办关于“文物保护中的遗产建筑信息模型：保护与监测的创新策略”的研讨会将于3月27-28日在德国美因茨召开。

活动由美因茨应用科学大学研究所（建筑学院）与莱茵兰-普法尔茨州文化遗产管理局、莱茵兰-普法尔茨州文化遗产总管理局的世界遗产秘书处、德国国际古迹遗址理事会和文化遗产记录协会联合举办。

Heritage BIM in Monument Preservation - Innovative Strategies for Preservation and Monitoring Hosted in Mainz

Kick-off event for the project Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM) as a documentation, planning and monitoring method for the elimination of harmful environmental influences using the example of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Worms Synagogue and conference on the topic: Heritage BIM in Monument Preservation - Innovative Strategies for Preservation and Monitoring will be hosted from March 27 to 28 in Mainz, Germany.

The event is co-organized by AI MAINZ - Institute of Architecture at Mainz University of Applied Sciences in cooperation with the Directorate of State Monument Conservation and the World Heritage Secretariat at the General Directorate for Cultural Heritage Rhineland-Palatinate (GDKE), ICOMOS Germany and CIPA Heritage Documentation.

资料来源：

https://www.iccrom.org/courses/world-heritage-management-people-nature-culture-pnc25

https://theophilos.icomos.org/forthcoming-dialogue-between-conservation-experts-and-other-stakeholders-in-built-heritage-protection-20th-anniversary-of-the-faro-convention/

https://architekturinstitut.hs-mainz.de/projects/HBIM-Worms-Conference