新闻动态

联合实验室中英双语双月刊《遗产研究国际动态》（内刊）2025年第四期（总第二十二期）已发布，全刊内容可在此下载

CPBRJL国家“一带一路“联合实验室《遗产研究国际动态》总第二十二期 The Heritage Spectator No.22.pdf

前沿研究

世界遗产影响评估

影响评估被描述为“行动前思考”。它通过探索拟议行动可能对环境，或就世界遗产而言，对其突出普遍价值造成的影响，为决策过程提供信息。它应始终在做出任何不可逆转的决定或行动之前进行，以便任何调查结果都能真正为最终决策提供依据。这将确保世界上最珍贵的遗产地与全体社会，在当下与未来均能收获最佳福祉。

拟议行动的制定和实施包含多个阶段。影响评估需尽早开展，以便对规划产生影响：开展时间越晚，影响结果的可能性就越小。最终的影响评估报告需及时完成，以帮助决策拟议行动是否应推进、调整或完全不予实施——且需在施工或任何其他实地准备工作启动前完成。

自20 世纪70 年代起，影响评估已开始应用，如今在几乎所有国家都已成为成熟完善的体系。如今，许多国际金融机构和大型商业银行将借贷方证明其正在保护自然和文化遗产作为所有贷款的先决条件——影响评估可为此提供帮助。到20 世纪80 年代，世界遗产委员会咨询机构已开始强调如何在世界遗产范畴内应用影响评估；在过去十年中，世界遗产委员会已要求对200 多处世界遗产地开展影响评估。

Impact Assessment for World Heritage

Impact assessment has been described as ‘thinking before acting’. It informs the decision-making process by exploring consequences that proposed actions may have on the environment, or in the case of World Heritage properties, on their OUV. It should always be carried out before any irreversible decisions or actions are taken, so that any findings can genuinely inform a final decision. This ensures the best outcomes for the world’s most exceptional places and for society, both today and in the future.

There are multiple stages in the development and implementation of a proposed action. An impact assessment needs to take place early enough to be able to influence planning: the later an impact assessment takes place, the less potential it has to influence the outcome. The final impact assessment report needs to be ready in time to help inform the decision on whether the proposed action should proceed, be modified or not be carried out at all – before construction or any other preparatory actions on the ground take place.

Impact assessment has been used since the 1970s and is now a well-established system in nearly all countries. Nowadays, many international finance institutions and major commercial banks require borrowers toshow that they are safeguarding the natural and cultural heritage as a prerequisite to any lending – impactassessment can help with this. By the 1980s, the World Heritage Committee’s Advisory Bodies had begun tohighlight how impact assessment could be used in a World Heritage context; over the last decade, the WorldHeritage Committee has requested impact assessments for more than 200 World Heritage properties.

资料来源：

UNESCO World Heritage Resource Manual: Guidance and Toolkit for Impact Assessments in a World Heritage Context.

实践案例

利物浦水域项目遗产影响评估

影响评估始于 1969 年，是一种实证主义的评估方法，其目的是通过独立、客观的评估来改善空间开发项目的决策。然而，这种技术理性影响评估模式的中立性和客观性受到了广泛质疑。影响评估的主观性和相互冲突的价值观的存在，使我们有理由考虑在执行影响评估和随后的决策过程中的 “框架 ”现象。框架是行为者对社会现实进行排序和理解的过程。假定不可能建立纯粹客观的知识，这一现象就会成为评估过程研究中的一个相关因素，更重要的是，以往的研究表明，影响评估是主观的。这可能意味着框架在影响评估过程和随后的决策中发挥着作用。

本文旨在探讨框架在影响评估中的作用（特别是在遗产影响评估（HIA）及其在拟议空间开发项目的决策中发挥着重要作用。我们以英国利物浦⼀个位于世界遗产地的大型城市开发项目为例，展示框架如何影响HIA的有效性和合法性。利物浦水域项目的特殊性在于，该项目由三个独立的HIA参与者分别进行：(1) 皮尔控股公司，项目开发商和开发地块的所有者；(2) 英国遗产委员会（现称英国历史遗产委员会），英国世界遗产保护的主要负责机构； (3) 利物浦市议会，负责该项目的政治机构。三方HIA参与者对利物浦历史港口和内城遗产价值的影响得出了相互矛盾的结论。这三项影响评估（HIA）的多样性使我们能够分析结论分歧的起源，并思考框架在HIA实施过程中所扮演的角色。利物浦水域项目是一个重要的案例，因为它使得利物浦海事商城世界遗产地于2012年被列入濒危世界遗产名录。

Heritage Impact Assessments Conducted for The Liverpool Waters Project

Impact assessment started in 1969 as a positivistic appraisal method in which independent, objective assessments were intended to improve decision makingabout spatial development projects. However, the neutralityand objectivity of this technical-rational model ofimpact assessment has been widely questioned. The subjectivenature of impact assessment and the existence of conflictingvalues gives reason to consider the phenomenon of‘framing’ in the execution of impact assessments andthe ensuing decision making processes. Framing is the process by which actorsorder and make sense of social reality. Assuming that it is impossible to establish purely objectiveknowledge, this phenomenon becomes a relevant elementin the study of assessment processes, more so becauseprevious research has indicated that impact assessmentsare subjective. This may imply thatframing plays a role in the impact assessment processand subsequent decision making.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the roles offraming in impact assessment (specifically in Heritage Impact Assessment, hereafter: HIA) and in decision makingabout proposed spatial development projects. Weuse a major urban redevelopment project in Liverpool(UK), in an area designated as a World Heritage site, asan illustrative case to show how framing influences theeffectiveness and legitimacy of HIA. The LiverpoolWaters project is unusual because three separate HIAswere conducted, one by each of three protagonists: (1)Peel Holdings, the project developer and owner of thedevelopment site; (2) English Heritage (now calledHistoric England), the main organization responsiblefor safeguarding World Heritage sites in the UK; and (3)Liverpool City Council, the responsible political body.The three HIAs came to contradictory conclusionsabout the project’s impact on the heritage values ofLiverpool’s historic harbor and inner city (UNESCO2012; Patiwael et al. 2019). The diversity of the threeHIAs allowed us to analyze how this divergence of conclusionsoriginated and to consider the role of framingin the way these HIAs were conducted. The LiverpoolWaters project is an important example in this respect,because it resulted in the Liverpool Maritime MercantileCity World Heritage site being placed on the List ofWorld Heritage in Danger in 2012.

资料来源：

Patiwael, P. R., Groote, P., & Vanclay, F. (2020). The influence of framing on the legitimacy of impact assessment: examining the heritage impact assessments conducted for the Liverpool Waters project. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 38(4), 308-319. https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2020.1734402.

平台动态

青藏高原建筑室内风环境分析——以德格印经院为例

建筑业占全球能耗的45% 以上，凸显可持续设计的紧迫性。德格印经院（DSPH）作为藏式传统建筑的典范，将地域文化与自然环境完美融合，为解决极端气候适应问题提供了宝贵样本。本研究通过CFD 模拟技术解析其风环境特征，填补了高原传统建筑环境性能研究的空白，为现代绿色建筑设计提供了新思路。

德格印经院位于四川省德格县，属全国重点文物保护单位。建筑采用独特的空间布局与材料构造：厚实的夯土墙体、木质上层结构、多重中庭设计以及精心布置的通风口，有效适应了高原季风气候。实测数据显示，室内温度稳定在13.6-19.2℃之间，风速维持在舒适的0.3m/s 水平。研究重点解析了其自然通风系统对经版保护与人居环境的调控机制。

研究采用三维激光扫描、现场实测与PHOENICS 软件模拟相结合的方法。模型整合气象数据、网格细化技术和边界条件设定，确保模拟准确性。在东南风1.5m/s 工况下的模拟显示：气流经南侧开口进入，通过中庭循环后由北窗排出。通过对比模拟与实测数据，验证了模型的可靠性。

Analysis of the Indoor Wind Environment in Buildings on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A Case Study of the Dege Scripture Printing House

The Dege Scripture Printing House (DSPH), built in 1729, is a significant cultural and religious center on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Its unique architectural design mitigates the harsh local climate, characterized by cold temperatures, low precipitation, and intense solar radiation. This study employs 3D scanning, field tests, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze DSPH’s wind environment. The results reveal that DSPH’s design enhances indoor airflow, providing a comfortable environment for occupants and preserving wooden scripture carving boards. The findings highlight climate-adaptive strategies that can inform sustainable building practices in similar regions.

The building industry accounts for over 45% of global energy consumption, emphasizing the need for sustainable design. Vernacular architecture, like DSPH, integrates local culture and environment, offering solutions for harsh climates. Traditional Tibetan architecture uses thick walls, strategic orientation, and natural materials to withstand extreme conditions. This study uses CFD simulations to analyze DSPH’s wind environment, bridging gaps in research on Tibetan plateau architecture and providing insights for modern sustainable design.

DSPH, located in Dege County, Sichuan, is a national heritage site with a unique layout and materials. The region experiences a plateau monsoon climate with dominant southeast winds. DSPH’s design includes thick rammed earth walls, wooden upper floors, multiple atriums, and strategic window placement to optimize ventilation. Field measurements show stable indoor temperatures (13.6–19.2°C) and comfortable wind speeds (0.3 m/s). The study focuses on DSPH’s natural ventilation system, which preserves scriptures and ensures occupant comfort.

资料来源：

中国- 葡萄牙文化遗产保护科学“一带一路”联合实验室成都研究基地.

活动报道

阿努拉德普勒国际专家会议强调遗产保护的综合方法

2025 年4 月1 日，联合国教科文组织在总部举办阿努拉德普勒圣城国际专家会议。现场和线上共400 多名与会者齐聚一堂，包括国际遗产专家、政府代表、宗教领袖和发展伙伴，斯里兰卡总理哈里尼·阿马拉苏里亚博士阁下也出席了会议。

本次活动由联合国教科文组织和斯里兰卡政府联合举办，表明了双方携手保护世界遗产地的物质与活态遗产的决心，这是斯里兰卡乃至全世界的宝贵财富。

International Expert Conference on Anuradhapura Highlights Integrated Approach to Heritage Protection

UNESCO hosted the International Expert Conference on the Sacred City of Anuradhapura at its Headquarters on 1 April 2025, bringing together over 400 in-person and online participants, including international heritage experts, government representatives, religious leaders, and development partners and graced by the presence of H.E. Dr Harini Amarasuriya, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka.

Jointly organised by UNESCO and the Government of Sri Lanka, the event showcased a shared commitment to safeguarding both the tangible and living heritage of a World Heritage site of immense value to Sri Lanka and the world.

国际文化遗产与知识发展论坛在阿布扎比举行

作为促进文化教育、推进遗产保护的持续性工作的一部分，阿布扎比文化和旅游部举办首届国际文化遗产与知识发展论坛。

论坛由联合国教科文组织合作举办，多个国际组织参与，于2025 年5 月1 日-2 日在阿布扎比举行。

International Forum on Cultural Heritage & Knowledge Development Took Place in Abu Dhabi

As part of its ongoing efforts to promote cultural education and enhance heritage protection, the Department of Culture and Tourism – Abu Dhabi (DCT Abu Dhabi) has launched the inaugural International Forum on Cultural Heritage & Knowledge Development.

The event, organized in collaboration with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), with the participation of international organizations, took place in Abu Dhabi from 1-2 May 2025.

2025 亚太地区世界遗产青年营造师国际交流活动在苏州举行

5 月26 日，由联合国教科文组织东亚地区办事处、苏州市园林和绿化管理局、联合国教科文组织亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心联合主办的2025“亚太地区世界遗产青年营造师”国际交流活动在苏州举行。本次活动由联合国教科文组织亚太世遗苏州中心承办，中国- 葡萄牙文化遗产保护科学“一带一路”联合实验室等机构承办。

2025 Asia-Pacific Young Masters for Heritage Conservation Symposium Held in Suzhou

On May 26, the 2025 Asia-Pacific Young Masters for Heritage Conservation Symposium was held in Suzhou. The event was co-hosted by the UNESCO Regional Office in East Asia, the Suzhou Municipal Bureau of Gardens and Landscaping, and the UNESCO World Heritage Institute of Training and Research-Asia and Pacific(WHITRAP). The symposium was organized by the UNESCO WHITRAP Suzhou Center and co-organized by the China-Portugal Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Cultural Heritage Conservation Science.

资料来源：

https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2767

https://www.mediaoffice.abudhabi/en/arts-culture/organised-by-department-of-culture-and-tourism-abudhabi-inaugural-international-forum-on-cultural-heritage-knowledge-development-to-take-place-in-emirate/

http://csj.xinhuanet.com/20250526/27a938e1e93c4e698db200438f1eada9/c.html