新闻动态

前沿研究

现代教育建筑的适应性再利用和可持续保护

教育建筑创造了一种新的在世界范围内得到广泛应用的布局类型。新的教学方法和改进的教学理念体现在学校建筑布局中，学习环境从单一房间转变为线性教室。学校建筑的破败现状已无法满足现代学习的硬件要求，其空间也难以适应21 世纪的教育模式。现代教育建筑适配了教学方法，并注重自然采光、通风和环境友好等因素，以创造功能齐全的空间，但气候变化和创新教学方法的出现，仍要求学校进行进一步的改造。

本文提出了关于评估方法、教学和气候变化要求以及适应性再利用实践方法的若干普遍关注的问题。在第十八届国际现代主义运动记录与保护国际组织会议上，围绕适应性再利用在创建更可持续的教育建筑环境中的作用展开的讨论，将揭示涉及全球教育建筑保护、修复、重建和改造的治理技术。

Adaptive Reuse and Sustainable Conservation for Modern Educational Architecture

Educational architecture, created a new school layout typology that has been extensively used worldwide. New teaching approaches and improved pedagogy were reflected in school building layouts, which changed learning settings from one room to linear classrooms. With the development of nations’ social services, these classrooms provided teaching and activities that followed the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation’s (UNESCO) pedagogical requirements. The decaying architecture of schools lacks the physical requirements for contemporary learning. Its spaces are inadequate for 21st-century schooling. Modern educational architecture met teaching methods and created functional spaces with environmental considerations like natural light, cross ventilation, and friendliness, but climate change and innovative pedagogical approaches require further changes.

The paper has brought several general concerns about assessment approaches, pedagogical and climate change requirements, and adaptive reuse practice methods. At the 18th International DoCoMo Mo Conference, discussions around the role of adaptive reuse in creating a more sustainable educational built environment will reveal treatment techniques that involve preserving, rehabilitating, restoring, and reconstructing educational architecture worldwide.

资料来源：

Torrent, Horacio, 编. 现代未来：可持续发展与文化多样性：第18 届国际DOCOMOMO 会议论文集 [M]. 圣地亚哥/ 代尔夫特: DOCOMOMO 国际秘书处; ARQ 出版社, 2024. ISBN: 978-956-6204-22-0.

实践案例

形式背后的理念：

布拉迪斯拉发实验学校被忽视的特质

政治经济形势的变化反映在建筑业中——不仅体现在其追求的目标上，也体现在其施工的技术和材料能力上，而标准化和预制化则成为其节约成本的重要手段。效仿苏联，捷克斯洛伐克制定了五年国民经济发展计划。所有这些都体现在战后严重短缺的学校建筑的建设中。因此，自1950 年以来，标准化成为大规模生产预制建筑构件的主要手段，以提高建筑量、减少劳动力并加快施工速度。这也意味着学校建筑布局和结构类型在 3 到 5 年内保持稳定，这限制了建筑师灵活应对新进展的可能性。

社会主义时期的学校建筑往往被迅速且不公正地低估。实验性项目在这方面尤其脆弱， 因为它们是原型， 可能并未被复制。仅凭外观， 而不加深入考察和了解其历史背景，可能无法充分展现其整体建筑价值。同时，建筑质量较低并不意味着在改造时无需采取负责任的态度。布拉迪斯拉发实验学校的现状完全掩盖了其设计者的独特创意，正是基于此，才凸显了在研究中应关注其诞生背景的重要性。

Ideas Behind the Form: Overlooked Qualities of the Experimental School in Bratislava

The changed political and economic situation was naturally reflected in the building industry - in the goals it pursued, but also in the technical and material possibilities of construction, while typification and prefabrication became important tools of its economisation. Following the example of the USSR, five-year plans for the development of the national economy were intended to help the effective development of the war-torn country. Therefore, since 1950, typification became the main tool for the mass production of building prefabricated building elements, to increase the volume of construction, reduce labour and speed up construction time. This also meant that the school building layouts and structural types were stabilised for 3 to 5 years which limited the architects’ possibility of responding flexibly to new progress.

Similar situations show that school buildings from the socialist period are often quickly and unjustifiably undervalued. Experimental projects are even more vulnerable in this respect, as they are prototypes that may not have been repeated. Their appearance alone, without closer examination and knowledge of the context, may not speak clearly enough about their overall architectural values. At the same time, a lower quality of construction does not mean that a building does not deserve a responsible approach when adapted. It is the knowledge of the context of the experimental school in Bratislava, whose current state has completely obscured the unique creative efforts of its authors, that points to the importance of paying attention in research to the context that led to its emergence.

资料来源：

Torrent, Horacio, 编. 现代未来：可持续发展与文化多样性：第18 届国际DOCOMOMO 会议论文集 [M]. 圣地亚哥/ 代尔夫特: DOCOMOMO 国际秘书处; ARQ 出版社, 2024. ISBN: 978-956-6204-22-0.

平台动态

基于光谱学和化学计量学分析的四部十六世纪

葡萄牙曼努埃尔风格泥金装饰宪章的比较研究

十六世纪， 葡萄牙国王曼努埃尔一世对王国下辖各城市与村庄的宪章进行了重要改革。据信， 在十六世纪最初二十年的短暂时期内，共制作了约580 至600份曼努埃尔风格宪章。尽管宪章文本的内容由王国当局主管负责，但宪章的制作（尤其是泥金装饰）则由地方城镇提供财政支持。从这个意义上说，对这些泥金装饰手抄本所用材料及绘画技术的比较研究，能够有力地反映每个城市或村庄在制作时期的文化、政治及财政能力。

通过对四份曼努埃尔风格宪章所用材料的比较，凸显了它们之间有趣的差异，即不同颜料的使用（例如阿尔科谢蒂和埃武拉宪章中使用的铅锡黄）以及不同颜料配方的使用（例如甘油三酯与多糖的混合物）。借助这些新颖且具有揭示性的发现，我们对艺术史学家关于文艺复兴时期葡萄牙曼努埃尔风格宪章制作的观点有了新的认识——艺术史学者通常认为其泥金彩绘制作使用了蛋白质类和/ 或多糖类结合剂。为此，本研究采用的红外光谱与化学计量学相结合的方法至关重要，因为这种方法能够更深入地推断这些泥金彩绘制作的特殊性，而仅通过直接的光谱分析是很难做到这一点的。

The comparative study of four Portuguese sixteenth-century 

illuminated Manueline Charters based on spectroscopy and chemometrics analysis

During the sixteenth century, the Portuguese King D. Manuel I (1469-1521) undertook an important reform of the Charters of the Cities and Villages of the Kingdom. It is believed that circa 580–600 Manueline Charters were produced in the short period of the first two decades of the sixteenth century. Although the Charter's texts defined the competence and responsibility of the Kingdom authorities, the local townships financially supported the production of the Charters, namely its illuminations. In this sense, a comparative study of the materials and painting techniques of these illuminated manuscripts strongly reflects the cultural, political and financial capabilities of each city and village at the time of its production.

The comparison of the materials used to produce the Manueline Charters of Alcochete, Terena, Alandroal and Évora highlighted interesting differences between them, namely the use of different pigments (such as lead-tin yellow in the Charters of Alcochete and Évora) and different paint formulations (such as mixtures of triglycerides and polysaccharides). With these new and revealing findings, a new insight into the art historian’s perspective on the production of the Portuguese Manueline Charters during the Renaissance period—works that frequently reference the use of proteinaceous and/or polysaccharide binders for their illuminations—has been achieved. For this objective, the approach followed in this work, based on combining infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics, was fundamental: it allowed deeper inferences about the specificities of the production of these illuminations, details that would have been very difficult to obtain through direct spectral analysis alone.

资料来源：

HERCULES 实验室，埃武拉大学，葡萄牙埃武拉Marquês de Marialva 广场8 号，7000-809

埃武拉大学，科学与技术学院化学系，葡萄牙埃武拉Romão Ramalho 街59 号，7000-671

活动报道

第五届联合国教科文组织名录遗产与可持续发展黄山对话会

2026 年5 月 31 日至6 月1 日，第五届联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）名录遗产与可持续发展黄山对话会（简称“UNESCO 黄山对话会”）在安徽省黄山市举办。本届会议主题为“数智技术驱动名录遗产可持续发展”。会议围绕人工智能与数字考古、气候变化、生物多样性保护、名录遗产风险监测评估、可持续旅游与社区发展等议题组织多场分会，并特别设置UNESCO 名录遗产申报和推介专场，由UNESCO 世界遗产中心、UNESCO 生态与地学司等机构权威专家解读世界遗产、生物圈保护区、地质公园最新申报政策，为国内名录遗产申报工作提供专业支撑。

The Fifth Huangshan Dialogue on UNESCO-designated Sites and Sustainable Development

From May 31 to June 1, 2026, the Fifth Huangshan Dialogue on UNESCO-designated Sites and Sustainable Development (hereinafter referred to asthe "UNESCO Huangshan Dialogue") was successfully held in Huangshan, Anhui Province. The theme of this year's Dialogue was "Digital and Intelligent Technologies Driving the Sustainable Development of Designated Heritage. In line with this theme, multiple sessions were organized covering topics such as artificial intelligence and digital archaeology, climate change, biodiversity conservation, risk monitoringand assessment of designated heritage sites,and sustainable tourism and community development. A special session was also held on the nomination and promotion of UNESCO designated heritage sites, during which leading experts from UNESCO's World Heritage Centre and the Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences provided in-depth interpretations of the latest nomination policies for World Heritage sites, Biosphere Reserves, and Global Geoparks, offering professional support for the nomination efforts of domestic heritage sites.

陕西中法文化遗产保护合作座谈与学术研讨会

在法国巴黎举行

当地时间5 月28 日上午，陕西中法文化遗产保护合作座谈暨学术研讨会在法国巴黎成功举办。活动由秦始皇帝陵博物院与法国遗产科学基金会联合主办。此次活动是落实中法两国元首外交共识、深化中法人文交流的具体行动，也是陕西服务国家总体外交、推动国际文化遗产合作的重要实践。下一步，陕法双方将以此次座谈为新起点，持续推进文化遗产保护、科研平台共建、学术交流、人才培养等全方位合作，携手守护人类文明瑰宝，为中法全面战略伙伴关系持续健康发展贡献力量。

The Shaanxi-France Cultural Heritage Conservation Cooperation Symposiumand Academic Seminar Held in Paris, France

On the morning of May 28 local time, the Shaanxi-France Cultural Heritage Conservation Cooperation Symposium and Academic Seminar was successfully held in Paris, France. This event implements the consensus of the Chinese and French heads of state and deepens bilateral people-to-people exchanges. Going forward, Shaanxi and France will use this symposium as a new starting point to enhance cooperation inheritage conservation, research platforms, academic exchanges, and talent cultivation. Together, they will safeguard human civilization and contribute to a healthy China-France comprehensive strategic partnership.

国际古迹遗址理事会非洲气候韧性土质

建筑能力建设培训

2026 年5 月4 日至11 日，ICOMOS 与ICOMOS 布基纳法索合作，并得到阿里夫支持，成功举办了在布基纳法索蒂贝莱皇家法院举办的“非洲气候韧性土制建筑能力建设项目”。该区域培训项目汇聚了来自16 个非洲国家的25 名早期和中期职业遗产专业人士，针对当今文化遗产面临的最紧迫挑战之一：气候变化对非洲土制建筑遗产的影响。该培训的圆满完成标志着在加强非洲应对气候变化的遗产保护能力方面迈出了重要一步。参与者有望将培训期间所学的方法、工具和经验运用到各自所在机构和专业网络中，为非洲范围内更广泛的土质遗产保护作出贡献。

ICOMOS Capacity-Building Training on Climate-Resilient Earthen Architecture in Africa

From 4 to 11 May 2026, ICOMOS, in collaboration with ICOMOS Burkina Faso and with the support of ALIPH, successfully held the "Capacity-Building Programme for Climate-Resilient Earthen Architecture in Africa" at the Royal Court of Tiébélé in Burkina Faso. Bringing together 25 early and mid-career heritage professionals from 16 African countries, the regional training programme addressed one of the most pressing challenges facing cultural heritage today: the impact of climate change on earthen architectural heritage across Africa.The completion of the training marks an important step in strengthening African capacities for climate-resilient heritage conservation. Participants are expected to reinvest the methodologies, tools, and experiences acquired during the programme within their institutions and professional networks, contributing to the broader protection of earthen heritage across Africa. The initiative also reflects the continued commitment of ICOMOS and its partners to supporting locally rooted, community-informed, and sustainable approaches to climate action in the heritage sector.

资料来源：

https://cnews.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202606/01/WS6a1d517ba310942cc49af6fb.html

https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202605/28/WS6a18337ea310942cc49aede6.html

https://www.icomos.org/news/conclusion-training-climate-resilient-earthen-architecture-africa/