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联合实验室中英双语双月刊《遗产研究国际动态》（内刊）2024年第六期（总第十八期）已发布，全刊内容可在此下载

JLBRI国家“一带一路“联合实验室《遗产研究国际动态》总第十九期The Heritage Spectator No.19.pdf

前沿研究

遗产都市主义

人们越来越期望城市遗产能为未来的城市发展做出贡献，尤其是经历了剧烈的经济、社会和空间结构变化的衰落城市。这种日益增长的倾向可以看作是对过去几十年来城市发展变化的回应，包括经济和文化全球化、去工业化、公共部门的萎靡、流动性的增加以及激烈的地域竞争。因此，社会发展对当代遗产管理和处理遗产问题的传统方式提出了挑战。城市遗产已成为许多品牌和发展战略中的重要衡量标准，旨在吸引新的居民、游客和投资者。

遗产都市主义是在萨格勒布大学建筑学院开展的题为 “文化遗产复兴与提升的都市和空间模式 ”的研究项目中创造和发展起来的一个术语。该项目从 2014 年至 2018 年，历时五年，由克罗地亚科学基金会资助。遗产都市主义作为一个术语和方法，是 2015 年在萨格勒布举行的题为 “文化遗产--空间和经济发展的可能性 ”的国际会议上首次向公众介绍的。2017 年，第二次会议召开，随后出版了题为《文化遗产的振兴与提升模式——多学科对话》的论文集，进一步发展了遗产都市主义的概念。

世界上的遗产不胜枚举，但往往状况不佳，需要更新和完善。与此相关的国际宣言和宪章不胜枚举。尽管如此，尽管有保护文化遗产的法律，遗产仍在衰败，对其修复的投入不足。遗产都市主义方法背后的理念是促进遗产的弘扬，激发人们开始将遗产视为空间中的活跃主体，在空间中感受遗产的活力，而不是将其视为静态的物体。

几十年来，文化遗产的保护、振兴和弘扬一直是全世界关注的话题。这一主题促使许多国际、国家和地方机构、专家和科学家思考更新遗产并将其纳入社区日常生活的可能性和重要性。在遗产都市主义方法的背景下，对遗产的探索涉及广泛的类型和漫长的时期——从文化景观到单体建筑，从希腊罗马考古遗址到现代主义建筑，从物质遗产到非物质遗产。这包括利用跨学科、多学科和跨学科的不同视角，通过各种专家和科学方法的互动和累叠来了解遗产。这种方法有望带来不同的新成果，摆脱在活化和提升文化遗产方面往往无法取得令人满意成果的惯常模式。

我们往往认为文化遗产是过去的遗物，必须加以保护和保存。它往往状况不佳，一成不变，没有长远目标。我们非但没有将其融入当代生活，反而将其视为一个问题。我们常常把文化遗产看作是孤立的建造物，却忘记了它是由人创造的，而且一直被人所忽视，没有人和生活在其中，就没有活化和可持续性。随着人们生活习惯、思想和文化景观的改变，遗产的命运也在发生变化。

Heritage Urbanism

Urban heritage is increasingly expected to contribute to future urban development, not least in declining cities that have experienced drastic economic, social and spatial structural change. This increased interest can be regarded as a response to changing prerequisites for urban development during the last few decades, including economic and cultural globalization, de-industrialization, a diminishing public sector, increased mobility, and tough territorial competition. Consequently, societal development challenges contemporary heritage management and traditional ways of working with heritage issues. Urban heritage has become an essential measure in many branding and development strategies, aiming at attracting new inhabitants, visitors, and investors.

Heritage urbanism is a term created and developed within a research project titled Urban and Spatial Models for the Revival and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage conducted at the Faculty of Architecture ofthe University of Zagreb. The project lasted five years, from 2014 to 2018, and was funded by theCroatian Science Foundation. Heritage urbanism as a term and approach was first introduced to the public at an international conference under the title Cultural Heritage—Possibilities for Spatial and Economic Development held in Zagreb in 2015. In 2017, a second conference was held, followed by its Proceedings titled Models of Revitalization and Enhancement of Cultural Heritage—Multidisciplinary Dialogue , which further developed the concept of heritage urbanism.

There are numerous examples of heritage in the world, often in a poor state, which require renewaland enhancement. Countless international declarations and charters relating to this matter have beenadopted. Despite these, and irrespective of the laws protecting cultural heritage, heritage still decays,and not enough is invested in its restoration. The idea behind the heritage urbanism approach is tocontribute to the enhancement of heritage and create motivation to start seeing heritage as an activesubject in space, where its emanation is felt, instead of viewing it as a static object.

Issues concerning the preservation, revitalization, and enhancement of cultural heritage havebeen a subject of interest around the world for decades. This subject has prompted many international,national, and local institutions, experts, and scientists to contemplate the possibilities and importanceof renewing and including heritage into the daily life of the community. In the context of theheritage urbanism approach, heritage is explored over a wide typological range and over a longperiod of time—from cultural landscapes to single buildings, from Greco-Roman archaeological sitesto modernist architecture, from the tangible to intangible heritage. This includes using differentperspectives—interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary—to gain understanding ofheritage through the interaction and overlapping of various expert and scientific approaches. Thismethod is expected to bring new and different results, free of the usual patterns that often do notprovide satisfactory results in terms of the revitalization and enhancement of cultural heritage.

We tend to perceive cultural heritage as a relic of the past that must be protected and preserved.It is often in a poor state, it is static, and is without a long-term purpose. Instead of incorporating itin contemporary life, it is viewed as a problem. We frequently see cultural heritage as isolated builtartefacts, forgetting that it was made and has been neglected by people, and that without peopleand life in it, there is no revitalization or sustainability. As people’s habits, ideologies, and culturallandscapes change, the life of heritage also changes.

资料来源：

ŠĆITAROCI M, ŠĆITAROCI B. Heritage Urbanism[J]. Sustainability 2019,11(9): 2669.

ŠĆITAROCI M, ŠĆITAROCI B, MRĐA A. Cultural urban heritage: development, learning and landscape strategies[M]. Cham: Springer, 2019.

Makhloufi L. Urban Heritage and Sustainability in the Age of Globalisation[J]. 2024.

实践案例

通过参与式规划实现可持续文化遗产：勒韦贝社区案例研究

过去几⼗年来，保护模式发⽣了重大变化，更注重强调将文化遗产作为留给未来的资源进行全方位的解读。因此，在可持续城市规划和遗产保护中，挖掘社区动态被认为是官方叙事之外的、联系有形遗产和⾮物质遗产的方法。除了为规划当局提供有价值的参考外，基于社区的对地方遗产的解读能够促进“话语社区”的发展，可以促进可持续的管理形式和地方遗产保护。近期，文化遗产在实现联合国2030年可持续发展目标中的作用获得了认可，特别是具体目标11.4，为各国政府提供了一个宽泛的技术路线来跟踪实施情况，并提供详细的工具库以实现地方化。

应对这些问题，本案例以约旦为背景，聚焦于安曼的勒韦贝社区。勒韦贝社区因其历史和文化意义而享誉全国，各种利益相关者持续关注并寻求利用该地区的资源。安曼和勒韦贝经历了快速的发展，有必要引起学术界的重视。认识到本地化可持续发展目标的必要性，本案例以“直接观察法”为参与性规划工具的方法，探索与日常体验息息相关的社区价值。据此，本案例中提出了问题：“直接观察法”是否提供了传统参与式规划之外保护文化遗产所必需的对社区资源的认知？？它是否可以能够成为实现目标 11.4 的普适性的“本地化”⽅法？

本案例借鉴了快速民族志评估程序 (REAP) 的保护方法，特别是利用“直接观察法”来了解社区、地方的互动。虽然直接观察法已广泛应用于农业等领域，以确定社区的自然资源，但本研究采用的是该方法旨在通过非常规的开放式行走和交流获取社区成员共享的当地知识。一些研究强调了行走与知识生产、解放和赋权之间的关系，将“行走作为一种日常实践——或策略——可以通过偏离城市规划师、建筑师和工程师用来影响公民行为的策略来启发民主的可能性”。虽然传统方法可能有助于收集有关某个地方的全面数据，但它们往往无法解释建筑环境的微观特征。在一项关于座谈和行走访谈的比较研究中，杰西卡·芬利和杰伊·鲍曼指出：“该方法与座谈的不同之处在于，它能够获取现场的回应和未经提炼的生活体验[…]行走访谈提供了对地点和自我的丰富见解：它关注参与者丰富的现实[…]参与者被赋予成为“导游”和专家的能力。”

Sustainable Cultural Heritagethrough Participatory Planning:A casestudy in the LweibdehNeighborhood in Amman

Conservation paradigms have evolved significantly over the past fewdecades, increasingly foregrounding multifarious interpretationsof cultural heritage as an asset for future generations. Accordingly,unearthing community dynamics has been advocated in sustainable urban planning and heritage conservation as a means of surpassingformal narratives and capturing the connections between tangible andintangible heritage. In addition to providing valuable insight for planningauthorities, understanding these community-based interpretations oflocal heritage has been argued to enable ‘communities of discourse’,which can facilitate more sustainable forms of management and local governance.The recent recognition of cultural heritage’s role in achievingthe 2030 agenda of the United Nations UN) Sustainable DevelopmentGoals (SDGs), specifically Target 11.4, has provided governments with abroad roadmap to track implementation and a more detailed toolkit forlocalization.

Considering these challenges, this case investigates the context ofJordan, focusing on the Lweibdeh neighborhood in Amman. Lweibdeh,nationally recognized for its historical and cultural significance, has beenattracting the attention of various stakeholders seeking to capitalize onthe location’s affordances. Amman and Lweibdeh have undergone fastpacedgrowth, necessitating prompt scholarly attention. Acknowledgingthe need to localize SDGs, this case examines the method of ‘transectwalk’ as a participatory-planning tool to explore Lweibdeh’s values,which are linked to the daily experiences of the neighborhood’sinhabitants. As such, this case poses the question: Do ‘transect walks’offer knowledge about community resources essential to conservingcultural heritage beyond conventional participatory planning? Can itqualify as a ‘localized’ method worthy of consideration for achievingTarget 11.4, adaptable across various contexts?

This case draws upon the Rapid Ethnographic AssessmentProcedures (REAP) for conservation, specifically utilizing ‘transectwalks’ to understand community/place interactions. While transectwalks have been used extensively in fields like agriculture to identifycommunities’ natural resources, the method is employed in this study Transect walks are intended to extract local knowledge shared by community members through the unconventional emancipatory walk and-talk approach. Several studies have emphasized the relation betweenwalking and knowledge production, liberation and empowerment, framing ‘walking as an everyday practice—or tactic—that can opendemocratic possibilities by deviating from the strategies employed byurban planners, architects and engineers to exert power over citizenbehaviors’. While conventional methods may be helpful in collectingcomprehensive data about a place, they often fail to account for themicrofeatures of the built environment. In a comparative study of seatedinterviews and the walk-along method, Jessica Finlay and Jay Bowman,regarding the latter, noted:the method stood apart from the seated interview in its ability to access reflexive and unrefined lived experiences in situ […]The mobile interview offered rich insights into place and self:It attended to participants’ rich realities […] Participants wereempowered to become the ‘tour guide’ and expert.

资料来源：

ŠĆITAROCI M, ŠĆITAROCI B. Heritage Urbanism[J]. Sustainability 2019,11(9): 2669.

ŠĆITAROCI M, ŠĆITAROCI B, MRĐA A. Cultural urban heritage: development, learning and landscape strategies[M]. Cham: Springer, 2019.

Makhloufi L. Urban Heritage and Sustainability in the Age of Globalisation[J]. 2024.

平台动态

藏品保护风险管理在线培训：印度果阿基督教艺术博物馆的经验

基督教艺术博物馆（MoCA）收藏了一系列独特的宗教艺物品，体现了印度和欧洲两种文化表现的完美融合。在印度文化多样性和多宗教表达的背景下，这些融合藏品非常罕见。博物馆的使命是保护果阿的文化传承，同时将博物馆推广为教育、保护和研究中心。

MoCA最初是在1994年与卡劳斯特·古尔班基安基金会和印度国家艺术与文化遗产信托（INTACH）合作建立的。2002年，博物馆从其原始地点拉乔尔神学院迁移到其当前位于果阿旧城的联合国教科文组织世界遗产地圣莫尼卡修道院教堂内。在2017年至2020年之间，博物馆进行了全面的现代化翻新，重点关注建筑修复、藏品保护和展览新布局。该项目再次得到了相同的慈善机构及果阿政府的支持。MoCA管理委员会当前的使命集中在保护藏品、保护和修复项目、提供实习机会，以及与印度国内外的研究人员和研究机构合作。

博物馆近期的建筑翻新和藏品展示设备优化显著改善了2005年之前诊断的保护问题。然而，作为一座历史悠久的17世纪建筑，博物馆仍然受到季节性季风和日益严重的污染影响。长期保护的风险持续存在，无法完全消除。

博物馆近期的建筑翻新和藏品展示设备优化显著改善了2005年之前诊断的保护问题。然而，作为一座历史悠久的17世纪建筑，博物馆仍然受到季节性季风和日益严重的污染影响。长期保护的风险持续存在，无法完全消除。

Online Training in Risk-management for the Preservation of Collections: The Experience with the Museum of Christian Art, Goa, India

The Museum of Christian Art (MoCA) houses a unique collection of sacred art objects that embody a perfect symbiosis of two cultural manifestations—Indian and European. These hybrid collections are rare within the context of India's cultural diversity and its multi-religious expressions. The museum's mission is to preserve and protect Goa's cultural heritage while promoting the museum as a centre for education, conservation, and research.

The Museum of Christian Art (MoCA) houses a unique collection of sacred art objects that embody a perfect symbiosis of two cultural manifestations—Indian and European. These hybrid collections are rare within the context of India's cultural diversity and its multi-religious expressions. The museum's mission is to preserve and protect Goa's cultural heritage while promoting the museum as a centre for education, conservation, and research.

The museum's recent building renovation and the optimization of the collection's display equipment have significantly improved the preservation issues previously identified in 2005. However, as a historic 17th-century building, the museum remains subject to seasonal monsoon impacts and increasing pollution. The presence of risks that could affect long-term preservation is constant and cannot be entirely eliminated.

In this context, the relevance of training in Conservation Risk Assessment (CRA) lies in equipping and empowering the current MoCA team to become aware of these risks, their causes and consequences for the collection, and the possible mitigation and control measures. The team consisted of five members: curator Natasha Fernandes, the curatorial associate, and an intern, along with external associates Noah Fernandes (conservation architect) and Glen Fernandes (conservator-restorer).

资料来源：

中国 - 葡萄牙“一带一路”文化遗产保护科学联合实验室（埃武拉）

活动报道

国际会议“气候变化下的遗产防火韧性”在智利瓦尔帕莱索召开

国际会议“气候变化下的遗产防火韧性”于11月11日至12日在智利瓦尔帕莱索文化公园举行。会议由联合国教科文组织拉丁美洲和加勒比地区办事处，国家世界遗产中心（智利文化、艺术和遗产部文化遗产服务中心）以及瓦尔帕莱索城市港口历史区世界遗产地市政公司合作举办，来自五大洲的二十余名专家在会议上进行了演讲。

“新欧洲包豪斯：遗产与转型”研讨会在波兰克拉科夫举行

“新欧洲包豪斯：遗产与转型”研讨会于11月28日以混合方式在波兰克拉科夫举行。会议旨在提高政策制定者和利益相关者对建成遗产面临的诸多挑战的意识，分享建成遗产保护、更新和再利用的优秀实践和创新方案，并讨论推广优秀实践和支持创新的障碍和条件。

东亚能力建设工作坊“遗产管理的整体性方法：物质和非物质的协同效应”

为实现遗产的包容性阐释和全面管理，将多元视角和方法纳入考量，联合国教科文组织东亚区域办事处、世界遗产地阐释与展示国际中心（WHIPIC）、亚太地区世界遗产培训与研究中心（WHITRAP-北京）和北京大学考古文博学院共同组织了东亚能力建设工作坊“遗产管理的整体性方法：物质和非物质的协同效应”。

工作坊汇集了来自中国、日本、蒙古和韩国等12个世界遗产地的22名管理人士。通过讲座、小组讨论和演讲，参与者分享了在管理中的创新实践和挑战，并就区域遗产保护的综合方法进行了深入讨论。

International Conference “Fire Resilience for Heritage in a Changing Climate”Held in Valparaíso, Chile

The international conference "Fire Resilience for Heritage in a Changing Climate" was held on 11-12 November at the Parque Cultural de Valparaíso, Chile. This event, organised by UNESCO Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, in collaboration with the National Centre for World Heritage Sites (Cultural Heritage Service, Ministry of Cultures, Arts, and Heritage of Chile) and the Municipal Corporation of the World Heritage Site, Historical Area of the city-port of Valparaíso, featured presentations by over twenty specialists from five continents.

Public Conference“New European Bauhaus - Heritage & Transformation”Held in Krakow, Poland

On 11 November , the public conference “New European Bauhaus - Heritage & Transformation” was held in a hybrid way in Krakow, Poland. The conference aimed to raise awareness among policymakers and stakeholders about the many challenges faced by built heritage, shared best practices and innovative solutions for the protection, renovation, and reuse of built heritage, and discussed the barriers and conditions for promoting best practices and supporting innovation.

Capacity-building Workshop for East Asia on Integrated Approach to Heritage Management: Tangible and Intangible Synergies

To achieve a more inclusive interpretation of heritage and holistic management through the consideration of diverse perspectives and methods, UNESCO Regional Office for East Asia, the International Centre for the Interpretation and Presentation of World Heritage Sites under the auspices of UNESCO (WHIPIC), the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the auspices of UNESCO (WHITRAP-Beijing), and Peking University School of Archaeology and Museology co-organized the Capacity-building Workshop for East Asia on Integrated Approach to Heritage Management: Tangible and Intangible Synergies.

资料来源：

https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/valparaiso-host-unesco-international-conference-heritage-resilience-fires-and-climate-change

https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/neb/items/856462/en

https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/east-asian-world-heritage-professionals-seek-integrated-approaches-heritage-conservation?hub=701