Heritage Spectator

联合实验室中英双语双月刊《遗产研究国际动态》（内刊）2024年第五期（总第十七期）已发布，全刊内容可在此下载

JLBRI国家“一带一路“联合实验室《遗产研究国际动态》总第十七期The Heritage Spectator No.17.pdf

前沿研究

通过数字工作流程提升遗址保护的理解、推广和参与

本篇文章深入探讨了数字化手段在捕捉视觉信息领域中的独特作用，着重分析了国内外在此领域内设立的各种标准。通过一个理论框架与详尽的工作流程，本文揭示了遗产记录与伦理保护决策之间的微妙联系。此外，本文未触及记录遗产地点时所面临的技术难题，或是公众如何通过社交媒体加深对遗产的理解，而是专注于阐述遗产记录专家在遵循最佳实践原则下的关键职责。

随着涉及文化遗产数字化伦理问题的案例研究日益增多，迫切需要关注这一长期被忽视的数字维度。”这其中既有明示也有暗示，强调了伦理维度的不可或缺，指出了档案馆、图书馆及博物馆中成熟的伦理方法难以与数字化手段融合的现状。

举例来说，任何承担着服务公众利益使命的专业团体都需恪守道德准则，然而在遗产记录领域，这样的道德指南仍显薄弱。

Harnessing Digital Workflows for the Understanding, Promotion and Participation in the Conservation of Heritage Sites

This paper provides the role of visual information digitally gathered of historic conservation, with an eye to national and international standards for such work. It also provides a framework and workflow to understand the relationship between heritage recording and ethical conservation decision-making. Furthermore, this paper does not discuss the technical challenges of recording heritage places or the public engaging with social media to understand heritage places but centres the discussion on the specific role of the “heritage recording specialist” that conduct the work according to good practice.

As already indicated by Manžuch, the “growing number of case studies on the ethical issues faced in cultural heritage digitisation calls for a discussion of this generally neglected dimension of digitisation. Implicit and explicit assumptions also support the importance of the ethical dimension that well-established approaches to ethics in archives, libraries, and museums do not work with digitisation”.

For example, in any professional association that serves the public interest, members have to abide by several ethical principles, and this is currently missing in the heritage recording field.

资料来源：

Santana Quintero, M., Awad, R. & Barazzetti, L. Harnessing digital workflows for the understanding, promotion and participation in the conservation of heritage sites by meeting both ethical and technical challenges. Built Heritage , 4, 6 (2020).

实践案例

格拉纳达阿尔罕布拉宫部分宫礼拜堂的修复

阿尔罕布拉宫建筑群自1984年起被联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）列入世界遗产名录，被认为是西班牙最重要的遗产，也是游客最多的地方。它是世界上保存最完好的中世纪伊斯兰宫殿建筑群之一，同样是伊斯兰时期（711-1492）在伊比利亚半岛建造的最重要的遗产。13世纪中叶，该建筑群在格拉纳达王国第一任埃米尔穆罕默德·伊本·阿赫马尔（1195-1273）的领导下开始建造。它包括一系列皇家宫殿和繁复的塔楼、防御墙和军事堡垒系统，以及便利纳斯里德王朝宫廷生活的水利基础设施和形形色色的花园。最后，它主要是在一个世纪后苏丹优素福一世（1333-1354）和他的儿子穆罕默德五世（1354-1359/1362-1391）统治期间建成的，这对父子是该王朝最著名的两位纳斯里德苏丹。

帕塔尔宫包括女士塔、一座有精美的塞布卡图案的门廊，其概念深受前阿尔莫哈德王朝建筑的影响，还有一个矩形的池塘。在它的北面对着阿尔拜津，这是格拉纳达保存最完好的中世纪纳斯里德王朝街区之一，也被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。帕塔尔宫与阿尔罕布拉宫最著名和保存最完好的纳斯里德宫殿密切相关，加上优素福一世的科马雷斯宫殿和他的儿子穆罕默德五世的狮子宫殿，它们是一个接一个地被建造出来的。

帕塔尔宫的礼拜堂是一座私人的帕拉廷清真寺，专供纳斯里德苏丹使用，被广泛认为是优素福一世（1333-1354）所建。

它与帕塔尔宫的阿拉伯之家和阿斯塔西奥之家，形成了一个组群，构成了苏丹中世纪宫廷日常生活的重要组成部分。从其宗教用途和装饰方案的角度来看，礼拜堂可以被认为是这个帕拉廷建筑群中最重要的建筑。

The Restoration of the Oratory of the Partal Palace in the Alhambra of Granada

The Alhambra palatine complex, a UNESCO-listed World Heritage Site since 1984, is considered the most important heritage site of Spain and is the most visited. It is one of the best-preserved medieval Islamic palatine complexes worldwide and the most important heritage site built in the Iberian Peninsula during the Islamic period (711–1492).  Its construction was initiated in the mid-13th century under the first emir of the Kingdom of Granada, Muhammad Ibn al-Ahmar (1195–1273). The Alhambra complex includes a series of royal palaces and a complex system of towers, defensive walls and military fortresses, together with water infrastructure and a rich variety of gardens supporting the life of the royal court of the Nasrid dynasty. The Alhambra was mainly completed a century later during the reigns of the sultans Yusuf I (1333–1354) and his son Muhammad V (1354–1359/1362–1391), the two most well-known Nasrid sultans of the dynasty.

The Partal Palace includes the Ladies’ Tower, a portico decorated with interlaced sebka motifs and deeply influenced in its conception by the former Almohad dynasty architecture, and a rectangular water pond. On its north side, the Partal Palace faces the Albayzín, one of the best-preserved medieval Nasrid neighbourhoods in Granada, also listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is closely related to the most renowned and best-preserved Nasrid palaces of the Alhambra, built on successive dates: the Palace of Comares attributed to Yusuf I and the Palace of the Lions, attributed to his son Muhammad V.

The Oratory of the Partal Palace is a private palatine mosque built for the exclusive use of the Nasrid sultan that has been widely attributed to Yusuf I (1333–1354).

Together with the Arabic houses of the Partal Palace and the House of Astasio de Bracamonte, they form a set of buildings that constituted an essential part of the daily life of the sultan’s medieval court. From the perspective of its religious use and its decorative programme, the Oratory could be considered the most important building in this palatine complex.

资料来源：

Wulff Barreiro, F. The Restoration of the Oratory of the Partal Palace in the Alhambra of Granada, Grand Prix Europa Nostra 2019. Built Heritage , 5, 7 (2021).

平台动态

人工智能结合遥感技术在澳门宗教建筑文化遗产的应用——以妈祖阁为例

澳门的历史建筑早已具备有别于其他城市的人文特征，在历史潮流中始终保持着自己独特的魅力，成为澳门的历史层积和景观特色。从城市历史景观方法的角度，针对历史建筑文化遗产的调查、评估和监测，对于澳门历史城区保护具有积极推动作用。人工智能时代的遥感技术是基于高精度、高效率的优势，利用新技术衍生出的多种新型测绘成果，丰富了信息采集内容，可以有效满足澳门宗教建筑文化遗产保护规划的信息需求。若将研究成果应用于澳门历史城区宗教建筑的数字化、信息化管理，就可为宗教建筑文化遗产的规划与管理提供技术保障。基于此，本文尝试总结当前科技背景下历史建筑保护规划的信息需求，探讨人工智能遥感技术在澳门历史城区宗教建筑保护中的应用研究。

澳门历史城区是以澳门半岛中南部的旧城区建筑群为核心，由邻近的广场和街道串接起来，包括 25 栋历史建筑及8 块相邻的前地，不仅地理位置分散而且所有权归属各异。城区内的庙宇、教堂呈现出中华文化、西方文化或中西文化合璧的建筑特色，是东西方建筑艺术的综合体现，且保存或保持着原有的功能。可以说，庙宇是澳门最早期的功能建筑，也是城市发展的源泉，遂有“先有妈阁，后有澳门”的说法。在澳门半岛西部的传统村庄，庙宇成为物质和精神凝聚力的重心，保存至今的有妈祖阁、三街会馆 （关帝庙） 、哪吒庙等著名中式庙宇；同样是在澳门城市发展初期，天主教堂也是居民精神与物质生活的中心，诸如大三巴牌坊（原圣保禄大教堂）、圣老楞佐教堂、圣若瑟修院及圣堂、圣奥斯定教堂、大堂主教座堂 、玫瑰堂、圣安多尼教堂及东望洋圣母雪地殿等天主教建筑，以堂区为基础的分区领域，至今仍构筑于澳门居民的集体潜意识之中。

Application of Artificial Intelligence Combined with Remote Sensing Technology in the Protection of Macau's Religious Architectural Cultural Heritage -- Case Study of the A-Ma Temple

The historical architecture of Macau has long possessed distinctive cultural characteristics that set it apart from other cities, maintaining its unique charm throughout the tides of history and becoming a layer of historical accumulation and a landscape feature of Macau. From the perspective of urban historical landscape methods, the investigation, evaluation, and monitoring of cultural heritage of historical buildings have a positive role in promoting the protection of the Historic Centre of Macau. In the era of artificial intelligence, remote sensing technology, based on the advantages of high precision and high efficiency, utilizes a variety of new types of surveying and mapping results derived from new technologies, enriching the content of information collection, which can effectively meet the information needs of the protection planning of Macau's religious architectural cultural heritage. If the research results are applied to the digital and information management of religious buildings in the Historic Centre of Macau, they can provide technical support for the planning and management of religious architectural cultural heritage. Based on this, this paper attempts to summarize the information needs of historical building protection planning under the current technological background and explores the application of artificial intelligence remote sensing technology in the protection of religious buildings in the Historic Centre of Macau.

The Historic Centre of Macau, centered around the old urban area in the central and southern part of the Macau Peninsula, is connected by adjacent squares and streets, including 25 historical buildings and 8 adjacent open spaces. The locations are not only scattered geographically but also have various ownership affiliations. The temples and churches within the urban area exhibit architectural features that reflect Chinese culture, Western culture, or a fusion of both, representing a comprehensive embodiment of Eastern and Western architectural arts, and they have maintained or preserved their original functions. It can be said that temples are the earliest functional buildings in Macau and the source of urban development, hence the saying There was the A-Ma Temple before there was Macau. In the traditional villages on the western part of the Macau Peninsula, temples have become the focal point of material and spiritual cohesion, with famous Chinese temples such as the A-Ma Temple, the Sam Kai Vui Tsz (Guan Yu Temple), and the Nezha Temple still preserved today. Similarly, during the early stages of Macau's urban development, Catholic churches were also the center of the spiritual and material life of the residents, including the Ruins of St. Paul's (originally St. Paul's Cathedral), St. Lawrence's Church, St. Joseph's Seminary and Church, St. Augustine's Church, the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, the Church of St. Dominic, St. Anthony's Church, and the Chapel of Our Lady of Penha, among other Catholic buildings. The parish-based partitioning of areas still forms part of the collective subconscious of Macau's residents.

资料来源：

中国 - 葡萄牙“一带一路”文化遗产保护科学联合实验室（澳门）

活动报道

世界遗产委员会第 46 届大会在印度新德里召开

2024年7月21-31日，联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会于印度新德里召开第46届大会。世界遗产委员会将26处新的文化和自然遗产地列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》。会议结束时，瑙鲁正式批准《世界遗产公约》，成为该公约的第196个缔约国。

委员会共将26处新遗产地列入名录，其中2处是对已列入名录遗产的显著扩展。此次变化共涉及20处文化遗产地、5处自然遗产地和1处混合遗产地。从此这些遗产地将得到遗产领域的世界最高级别保护，其管理团队将有机会获得联合国教科文组织的技术和财政援助。

The 46th session of the World Heritage Committee Held in New Delhi, India 

UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee held its 46th session from 21 to 31 July 2024 in New Delhi (India). The Committee inscribed 26 new cultural and natural properties on UNESCO's World Heritage List. The session concluded with Nauru ratifying the World Heritage Convention and becoming its 196th State Party.

The Committee inscribed 26 new properties, including making 2 major extensions to properties which are considered as new inscriptions. The other inscriptions include 20 cultural properties, 5 natural properties and 1 mixed site. These properties thus benefit from the highest level of heritage protection in the world. Their managers will now have access to new opportunities for technical and financial assistance from UNESCO. 

世界遗产委员会第 46 届大会边会“遗产深潜”: 世界遗产保护和探索的创新数字平台

7月23日，世界遗产委员会第46届大会组织边会活动，展示“遗产深潜”项目的进展和成就。项目由沙特阿拉伯文化部资助，邀请联合国教科文组织与成员国共享数字世界遗产数据，鼓励资源动员行动，并提供了交流和咨询的平台。

联合国教科文组织文化助理总干事埃内斯托·奥托内、沙特阿拉伯代表穆罕默德·阿莱达罗斯和马杰德·阿拉纳齐致开场辞，全面介绍了项目成果。其中一个重要的亮点是展示当前“遗产深潜”的平台原型，该平台集成了尖端的数字技术，可以增强世界遗产地的线上触及。

46 COM Side Event “Dive into Heritage” : An Innovative Digital Platform for World Heritage Preservation and Exploration

To showcase the 'Dive into Heritage' project's progress and achievements, a side event was organized on 23 July 2024, during the 46th session of the World Heritage Committee. The event was an opportunity to present the project, generously funded by the Ministry of Culture of Saudi Arabia, to an extended audience, invited States Parties to share their digital World Heritage data with UNESCO, encouraged resource mobilization efforts, and provided a platform for exchange and consultation.

The event commenced with opening addresses by Mr Ernesto Ottone R., Assistant Director-General for Culture at  UNESCO and representatives of Saudi Arabia Mr Mohammad Alaidaroos and Mr Majed Alanazi, setting the stage for a comprehensive presentation on the project's outcomes. A key highlight was the demonstration of the current prototype of the Dive into Heritage platform, which integrates cutting-edge digital technologies to enhance online access to World Heritage sites.

世界遗产地管理者工作坊：提升游客管理和社区参与

2024年6月17日至18日，联合国教科文组织举办了首个“拉丁美洲和加勒比地区：通过可持续旅游和遗产保护加强社区韧性能力”工作坊。活动得到了沙特阿拉伯王国文化部的支持。

工作坊汇集了来自伯利兹、哥斯达黎加、古巴、多米尼加共和国、萨尔瓦多、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、墨西哥和巴拿马的遗址地管理者，讨论游客管理的战略方法，并确定加强可持续和包容性旅游的优先领域。

World Heritage Site Managers Workshop: Enhancing Visitor Management and Community Engagement

On 17-18 June, 2024, UNESCO organized the first workshop for the project ‘Latin America and the Caribbean: Strengthening Capacities for Resilient Communities through Sustainable Tourism and Heritage Safeguarding’, an initiative supported by the Ministry of Culture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The workshop brought together site managers from Belize, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Panama, to discuss strategic approaches to visitor management and identify priority areas for enhancing sustainable and inclusive tourism.

资料来源：

https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2706/

https://whc.unesco.org/en/events/1790/

https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2698