Heritage Spectator

前沿研究

管窥加拿大建筑遗产保护

如果说欧洲因得益于悠久历史的恩赐，今天依然以古代的、精英的、物质性的遗产占主导的话，那当我们把视线转到像温哥华这样在19世纪末才因欧洲殖民和全球移民建立起来的加拿大近代城市，就会更切实地感受到遗产在21世纪的一些新趋势。正如到美国历史学家戴维·洛文塔尔所提到“近世的”、“民粹的”、和“非物质性”遗产——在这里发扬得多么淋漓精致，并值得我们关注。

加拿大建筑遗产的近世特征，典型地体现在于为当地人们津津乐道、数量庞大的19世纪末至20世纪初期的遗产住宅。“遗产住宅”是指入列《温哥华遗产名录》的住宅，“特色住宅”是指1940年之前建造、被认为具有遗产特色价值，但未列入《温哥华遗产名录》的住宅。这些遗产和特色住宅今天大部分都延续历史上的居住功能在使用，通过适应性改造以容纳现代生活。自2003年温哥华遗产基金会首次组织了“遗产住宅游线”以来，这类导览活动大受当地居民欢迎，至今已经举办了20年了。

A Glimpse into Architectural Heritage Conservation in Canada

If it is reasonable to say that ancient, elite, and tangible heritage continues to dominate in Europe due to its centuries-long history, then when we shift our focus to modern Canadian cities like Vancouver, established only in the late 19th century through European colonization and subsequent global immigration, we can witness some of the new trends of heritage in the 21st century. As observed by American historian David Lowenthal, these trends include recent, populist, and intangible heritage, which are particularly well-represented here and deserving of our appreciation.

One of the typical features of Canadian architectural heritage is the large number of heritage homes dating back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries that are highly cherished by local residents. Heritage houses refer to those listed in the Vancouver Heritage Register, while character houses refer to homes built before 1940 that are considered to have heritage value but are not listed in the Vancouver Heritage Register. Most of these heritage and character houses are still used for residential purposes today, with adaptations made to accommodate modern living.Since the Vancouver Heritage Foundation first organized the Heritage House Tour in 2003, these types of guided tours have been highly popular among local residents and have been held for 20 years.

实践案例

遗产保护中文化地图的运用：以加拿大卑诗省为例

“文化地图测绘涉及社区识别和记录当地文化资源。通过该研究，文化元素被记录下来——画廊、手工艺产业、独特的地标、当地事件和产业等有形资产，以及记忆、个人历史、态度和价值观等无形资产。在研究了使社区独一无二的元素之后，文化地图测绘意味着启动一系列社区活动或项目，以记录、保存和使用这些元素。…文化地图测绘的最基本目标，是帮助社区认识、庆祝和支持文化多样性，以促进经济、社会和区域发展。”

（Clark, Sutherland & Young，1995年，文化地图测绘研讨会主题演讲，澳大利亚）

近几十年以来，文化地图测绘逐渐成为遗产保护领域的一个重要工具，在有形遗产与无形遗产的保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用，并已获得了联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）的认可。随着近年来网络信息技术的发展，许多国外遗产保护相关机构将相关文化地图以网站内容等形式呈现给社会大众。本文挑选了若干个加拿大典型文化地图网站为案例，分析板块构成、互动性内容、表现方式等特点，并思考其对国内文化遗产资源可视化数字平台建构的启示。

Exploring the Application of Cultural Mapping in Heritage Conservation: A Case Study of British Columbia, Canada

“Cultural mapping involves a community identifying and documenting local cultural resources. Through this research cultural elements are recorded – the tangibles like galleries, craft industries, distinctive landmarks, local events and industries, as well as the intangibles like memories, personal histories, attitudes and values. After researching the elements that make a community unique, cultural mapping involves initiating a range of community activities or projects, to record, conserve and use these elements. …the most fundamental goal of cultural mapping is to help communities recognize, celebrate, and support cultural diversity for economic, social and regional development.”

（Keynote speech, Clark, Sutherland & Young 1995.  Cultural Mapping Symposium and Workshop, Australia）

In recent decades, cultural mapping has emerged as a pivotal tool in the field of heritage conservation. It plays a crucial role in preserving both tangible and intangible heritage, and has gained recognition from UNESCO. With the advancement of online information technology in recent years, numerous foreign heritage conservation organizations have made their cultural maps publicly available via websites. In this paper, we have selected several exemplary Canadian cultural map websites as case studies, analyzing their composition, interactive content, and presentation methods. Furthermore, we have considered how their findings may be applied to the construction of a digital platform for visualizing cultural heritage resources in China.

平台动态

巴塔利亚修道院（葡萄牙）石灰石表面的橙色覆膜（“古锈”）：表征与劣化模式

著名的巴塔利亚修道院位于葡萄牙中部的巴塔利亚小镇，是用从建筑周围地区的几个采石场采集的侏罗纪鲕粒状石灰岩建造和修复的。虽然其最初的颜色是白色，但如今在修道院的外墙、装饰物、柱子和墙壁的表面可以看到其石灰石上广泛地存在着橙色的覆膜。

在本研究中，我们对葡萄牙巴塔利亚修道院的两件不同的石灰石器物上发现的橙色表面覆膜进行了化学和矿物学特征分析。具体而言，通过X射线微衍射仪（μ-XRD）和低真空扫描电子显微镜与能量色散光谱仪（LV-SEM + EDS），对巴塔利亚修道院的一个石灰石窗花和一个装饰品上的橙色覆膜样品进行了调查研究。该研究的目的是确定分层覆膜的组成，评估它们是有意为之还是自然形成，并研究它们的劣化模式。

Surface Orange Patinas on the Limestone of the Batalha Monastery (Portugal): Characterization and Decay Patterns 

The famous Batalha Monastery located in the small town of Batalha in Central Portugal was built and restored using Jurassic oolitic limestones extracted from several quarries in the region surrounding the monument. Although originally white in color, the monastery limestone is now extensively covered with orange patinas which can be seen on the surface of facades, ornaments, columns, and walls. 

In this research, a chemical/mineralogical characterization was carried out on orange surface patinas found in two different limestone artifacts from Batalha Monastery in Portugal. More specifically, samples of orange patinas found on a limestone window tracery and an ornament of the Batalha Monastery have been investigated by X-ray micro-diffractometry (μ-XRD) and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (LV-SEM + EDS). The aim of the study was to determine the composition of the layered patinas, assess whether they have been intentionally applied or naturally formed, and study their degradation patterns.

资料来源 Source：

丁羽帆,Pedro Redol, Emma Angelini, José Mirão, Nick Schiavon.巴塔利亚修道院（葡萄牙）石灰石表面的橙色覆膜：表征与劣化模式.Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2022) 29:29467–29477.[accessed on 2023-04-06] 

活动报道

（英国）建造史学会40周年庆典暨第十届建造史学会会议于2023年4月12-13日在剑桥皇后学院成功召开

2023年是（英国）建造史学会（CHS）成立40周年。自1985年首次出版以来，建筑史学会的学术期刊《建造史》，已出版38年，并成为该领域内领先的国际性期刊。《建造史》如今是A&HCI收录期刊，它因其广泛、深入的研讨而享有很高的声誉。今年，（英国）建造史学会40周年庆典暨第十届建造史学会会议于2023年4月12-13日在剑桥皇后学院成功召开。该会议的特色主题是混凝土、灰浆与水泥，但与往常一样，会议欢迎关于建造史各个方面的学术论文。今年，建造史学会收到来自英国、欧洲、加拿大、新西兰、日本、中国和美国的大约70篇摘要。最终有47篇论文被接受，在会议的16个分会场上进行宣讲和讨论，并在第十届年会集中发表。

Tenth Annual CHS Conference Celebrating 40 Years of the Construction History Society Was Sucessfully Held at Queens’ College, Cambridge, 12-13 April 2023

2023 marks the fortieth anniversary of the Construction History Society (CHS). Since its first publication in 1985, the academic journal Construction History of the Construction History Society has been published for 38 years and has become a leading international journal in the field. Construction History is now an A&HCI-indexed journal and enjoys a high reputation for its extensive and in-depth coverage. This year, the Tenth Annual CHS Conference Celebrating 40 years of the Construction History Society was sucessfully held at Queens’ College, Cambridge,  12-13 April 2023. The special theme of the Conference is Concrete, Plaster, and Cement, but as always, the Conference welcomes papers on all aspects of construction history. This year, CHS received about 70 abstracts from across the UK, Europe, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, China, and the United States. In the end, 47 papers were accepted, presented and discussed in the 16 sessions of the Conference, and published in the Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Conference. 

第八届国际建造史大会将于2024年6月在瑞士苏黎世联邦理工大学召开

第八届国际建筑史大会将于2024年6月24日至28日在苏黎世举行。历次大会曾在西班牙马德里（2003年）、英国剑桥（2006年）、德国科特布斯（2009年）、法国巴黎（2012年）、美国芝加哥（2015年）、比利时布鲁塞尔（2018年）和葡萄牙里斯本（2021年）成功举办。

该大会旨在汇集建造史的各个方面——材料、建筑技术、建筑类型，涉及人员和公司、建筑的社会文化方面以及科学知识的历史。此外，研究方法也是一个重要的焦点。该大会邀请来自各个背景的学者前来苏黎世，展示他们在领域内的学术成果，交流思想，并建立联系。

The 8th International Congress on Construction History Will Be Held in ETH Zurich, Switzerland, in June 2024

The 8th International Congress on Construction History will be held in Zurich from June 24 to 28, 2024. It follows a series of thriving congresses in Madrid, Spain (2003), Cambridge, UK (2006), Cottbus, Germany (2009), Paris, France (2012), Chicago, USA (2015), Brussels, Belgium (2018) and Lisbon, Portugal (2021).

The ICCH aims at bringing together all aspects of construction history: materials, building techniques, types of construction - but also the people and companies involved, socio-cultural aspects of building and the history of science and knowledge. An important focus will also be on research methodology. The Congress invites researchers from various backgrounds to present their work in this field - come to Zurich to meet, to exchange scientific ideas, to socialise and network.

资料来源 Source：

英国建造史学会官网<https://www.constructionhistory.co.uk>[accessed on 2023-04-15] 

第八届国际建造史大会官网<https://8icch.ethz.ch/about.html>[accessed on 2023-04-15]