Heritage Spectator

前沿研究 Research Front

葡语国家（地区）遗产保护动态研究

陈曦,黄梅

葡萄牙从15世纪和16世纪开始进行殖民扩张，建立了包括南美的巴西、亚洲的澳门在内的殖民地，葡萄牙语也成为这些地区最常用的第二语言。成立葡语国家共同体的建议最早由巴西总统佛朗哥于1989年提出，并于1996年7月17日正式在里斯本成立，葡语共同体汇集了因殖民历史而共同使用葡语的国家，它包括葡萄牙和五个非洲国家——安哥拉、佛得角、几内亚比绍、莫桑比克、圣罗多美和普林西比，美洲的巴西以及亚洲的东帝汶等。作为中国-葡萄牙文化遗产保护科学“一带一路”联合实验研究课题的重要组成部分，第一期专栏将重点介绍葡萄牙、巴西和中国澳门三个葡语国家（地区）的文化遗产保护最新进展。

Review on the Latest Heritage Conservation Research of the Portuguese Language Regions

 CHEN Xi, HUANG Mei

Portugal's history of colonial expansion can be traced back to the fifteenth and sixteenth century, when it established colonies like nowadays' Brazil in South America, and Macau in East Asia. Portuguese thus became the second most commonly-used language in these regions. The idea to establish a Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) was first proposed by Brazilian President Franco in 1989. On July 17, 1996, the idea was delivered in Lisbon. The CPLP recognizes Portuguese-speaking countries for their colonial history. It includes Portugal and five African countries — Angola, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Brazil in South America, and Timor-Leste in Asia. As the essential subject of the China-Portugal Joint Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, this issue would introduce the latest development of cultural heritage conservation research in Portugal, Brazil, and China's Macau.

人物 Figure

阿尔瓦罗·西扎

阿尔瓦罗·西扎（Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira）（生于1933年6月25日）是一位葡萄牙建筑师和建筑教育家。西扎的作品将葡萄牙的建筑传统和国际现代主义融会贯通。普利兹克建筑奖评委会肯定了他在各类作品中展现的对空间和形制比例关系的独到思考，并强调：就如其他早期现代主义设计师一样，他设计的形态在光线的作用下看上去十分简单，但却以高明的技巧回应了设计问题。评委同样肯定了他对葡萄牙传统和在地语境的关注，就如他本人所说：“建筑师不会创造，只会改造已经存在的事物。”

Álvaro Siza

Álvaro Joaquim de Melo Siza Vieira (born 25 June, 1933), also known as Álvaro Siza,  is a Portuguese architect and architectural educator.

His work is refined by the integration of Portuguese architectural traditions into an international modernism. The jury of the Pritzker Prize for Architecture also praised him for his original thinking about the relationship between space and the proportionality of form in his works of all scales, noting that, as in the case of other early modernists, the shapes of his designs appear simple at first glance when shaped by light, but are in fact a direct response to design problems with great skill; and for his attention to Portuguese tradition, to local contexts and contexts. As he himself noted:“Architects do not invent anything. They just transform reality.”

实践案例 Case Study 

意大利萨莱米圣母教堂的重建

建筑师：阿尔瓦罗·西扎和Roberto Collovà

时间：1983 -1999

地点：意大利西西里岛萨莱米镇

萨莱米圣母教堂修复项目的基本原则，是回应由地震而引发的现实问题。

这座古城中的许多区域都已成为废墟，其中包括古时的小径和台阶。西扎和Collovà计划通过对公共空间的低限度干预，让老城重新焕发生机。他们重建了房屋外的台阶，在古城中铺设了新的道路，将原本断裂的路径连接起来。同时，他们在原本圣母教堂的废墟中建造了一个全新的广场。广场设计采用了低调的直边风格，运用当地的白色石料建造。它与城里的老建筑略有不同，由此无声地突出了地震给城镇带来的创伤。

Reconstruction of the Mother Church of Salemi (Italy)

Architects: Álvaro Siza Vieira, Roberto Collovà

Time：1983-19991

Location:  Salemi, Sicily, Italy

The mentality of the project was to adapt to the reality of the problems created by the earthquake.

Many parts of the old town, including ancient paths and steps, lay in ruins. Siza and Collovà envisioned a plan to bring the old town back to life using understated interventions in public spaces. They rebuilt steps outside houses, created new covered paths between different districts of the town that had previously been unconnected, and created an entirely new piazza within the ruins of the old Chiesa Madre. The work used a muted, straight-edged style, made of local white stone. It was subtly different from older buildings in the town so that the traumatic damage of the earthquake could be quietly expressed in the new architecture.

葡萄牙里斯本基亚多街区的重建

建筑师：阿尔瓦罗·西扎

时间：1988—1998

地点：葡萄牙里斯本

基亚多街区的重建需要达成几个目的，这些目的总体回应了西扎的两个设计原则。在美学方面，这个项目旨在重塑该地区的历史精神。项目中对空间的重组，以一种非常“西扎”的建筑性的解决方案为城市带来更多功能。这种解决方案的核心思想是将街区重建视作里斯本巴夏区蓬巴尔风格（Baixa Pombalina）城市复兴的一部分，同时又要尽可能地保留该街区的历史价值。

Reconstruction of the Chiado area (Portugal)

Architects：Álvaro Siza Vieira

Time：1988-1998 

Location：Lisbon, Portugal

The reconstruction of the Chiado had several goals, responding to two general principles. Aesthetically, the project aims to reinstitute the historical spirit of the district. The spatial reorganization, in a really Siza way, focused on finding architectural solutions that would enrich the functionality of the city. The idea was to regard the reconstruction as a part of the urban revitalization of the Baixa Pombalina, while maintaining as much as possible the patrimonial value of the district.

人物与实践案例内容摘选自以下来源，由高鑫、赵欣怡编译

The information of "Figure" and "Case Study" are accessed from the following source, and transeditted by Gao Xin, ZHAO Xinyi

“Álvaro Leite Siza | Architect Web Site.”  http://www.alvaroleitesiza.com/.

designboom|architecture & design magazine. “Alvaro Siza Restores the District of Chiado in Lisbon,” October 30, 2013. https://www.designboom.com/architecture/alvaro-siza-restores-the-district-of-chiado-in-lisbon/.

Leite, Margarette.“Living Among Ruins: Alvaro Siza’s Chiado and the Rebuilding of Portugal’s Historic Neighborhoods.” In Constructing New Worlds: Proceedings of the 1998 ACSA International Conference, 118–22, 1998.

Mayoral-Moratilla, Ana, and Michail Papavarnavas. “Designing on Contested Memories.” In TAW2018 International Scientific Conference, 361, 2018.

Versaci A ,  Cardaci A . The difficult relationship between ruins and modernity: the case study of the Mother Church reconstruction in Salemi (Italy)[C]// Proceedings: First International Conference on Architecture and Urban Design (1-ICAUD). 2012.

'Where it was – but not how it was': how the Sicilian earthquake divided a town. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/aug/30/where-it-was-but-not-how-it-was-how-the-sicilian-earthquake-divided-a-town-salemi

“Chiado公共空间改造，里斯本 / Álvaro Siza + Carlos Castanheira - 谷德设计网.” Accessed November 18, 2021. 

活动动态 Latest Events

国际会议聚焦

潘一婷 

意大利独特的文化遗产使其成为一座大型实验室，充分地体现了科学与技术如何应用于文化遗产的研究、保护、以及价值评估。2021年11月18日，由斯普林格《自然》出版机构主办的一场主题为“文化遗产的科学与技术”的学术会议在线上召开。会议由《自然（意大利）》主编Nicola Nosengo主持，四位文化遗产保护领域资深的意大利专家受邀分享了他们的研究与实践经验。

International Conference Spotlight

PAN Yiting

The unique cultural heritage of Italy makes it a big laboratory to show how science and technology can be applied to the study, preservation, and valorization of cultural heritage. Springer Nature organized a virtual conference titled “Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage, A Nature Italy Event” on 18 November 2021. The event was chaired by Nicola Nosengo, chief editor of Nature Italy, while four senior Italian experts in different areas of cultural heritage conservation were invited to share their experience of conservation research and practice. 

联合实验室学术动态

葡萄牙埃武拉大学HERCULES实验室通讯，带来国际联合实验室最新项目进展、会议信息和学术动态。

News From the Joint Lab

HERCULES Laboratory from the University of Évora gives its latest updates on its research projects, conferences, and academic news.