Heritage Spectator

前沿研究

城乡历史文化保护传承体系规划理论与方法的研究进展

2021年5月21日，习近平总书记主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十九次会议，审议通过了《关于在城乡建设中加强历史文化保护传承的若干意见》，明确了新时代保护传承工作的新理念与新要求。

基于中华文化复兴中城乡建设的历史使命，2021年8月26日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于在城乡建设中加强历史文化保护传承的意见》。《意见》突出强调了中华文明的连续性、完整性强化了城乡历史文化保护传承的整体性、系统性。

同年，住房和城乡建设部启动并组织开展了“城乡历史文化保护传承体系”研究，探索和建构新时期我国城乡建设中历史文化保护传承的“四梁八柱”，完整体现中国城乡文明发展特色与脉络，实现“在全国一盘棋的文化脉络上讲好中国故事”。

Research Progress of Planning Theory and Methodology of Urban and Rural  Historical and Cultural Protection and Heritage System

On May 21, 2021, General Secretary  X i J i n p i n g p r e s i d e d o v e r t h e 1 9 t h  meeting of the Central Committee for  Comprehensively Deepening Reform and  considered and adopted Several Opinions  on Strengthening the Protection and  Inheritance of History and Culture in Urban  and Rural Construction, which clarified  the new concept and new requirements for  the protection and inheritance work in the  new era. Based on the historical mission of  urban and rural construction in the revival  of Chinese culture, on August 26, 2021,  the General Office of the CPC Central  Committee and the General Office of  the State Council issued the Opinions  on Strengthening the Protection and  Inheritance of History and Culture in Urban  and Rural Construction. The Opinions  highlight the continuity and integrity of  Chinese civilization strengthening the  integrity and systemic nature of urban and  rural historical and cultural protection and  inheritancee. 

In the same year, the Ministry of  Housing and Urban-Rural Development  launched and organized a study on urban  and rural historical and cultural protection  and inheritance system to explore and  construct the four beams and eight pillars  of historical and cultural protection and  inheritance in China's urban and rural  construction in the new era, to fully reflect  the characteristics and development of Chinese urban and rural civilization. The  study is to explore and construct the four  beams and eight pillars of historical and  cultural preservation and inheritance in  China's urban and rural construction in the  new era, to fully reflect the characteristics  and development of Chinese urban and  rural civilization, and to realize telling the  Chinese story on the cultural vein of the whole country.

实践案例

省级城乡历史文化保护传承体系的规划编制方法探索——以陕西省为例

《陕西城乡历史文化保护传承体系规划》是保护传承体系中的第一个省级试点项目。该规划旨在探索并建构新时期陕西城乡历史文化保护传承体系，加强城乡历史文化保护传承的整体性和系统性、统筹省域城乡建设与历史文化保护传承、落实和深化全国体系要求，指引市县保护传承工作。该规划从价值、格局、名录、任务等四个方面确立陕西历史文化保护与传承的核心内容，并且提出市县的具体责任。

Exploring the Planning Methodology of Provincial Urban and Rural Historical  and Cultural Protection and Inheritance System - Taking Shaanxi Province as an  Example

Shaanxi Urban and Rural History and  Culture Protection and Heritage System  Planning is the first provincial pilot project  in the protection and heritage system. The  plan aims to explore and construct the  urban and rural historical and cultural  protection and inheritance system in Shaanxi  in the new era, strengthen the integrity and  systemic nature of urban and rural historical  and cultural protection and inheritance,  coordinate provincial urban and rural  construction with historical and cultural  protection and inheritance, implement and  deepen the requirements of the national  system, and guide the protection and  inheritance work in cities and counties. The  plan establishes the core content of Shaanxi  historical and cultural protection and  inheritance from four aspects, such as value,  pattern, list, and tasks, and puts forward  the specific responsibilities of cities and  counties. 

平台动态

纳米固化剂对缺乏内聚力的壁画颜料层的影响初探

国际古迹遗址理事会（ICOMOS）提出，壁画作为古迹遗址的重要组成部分，应尽可能在原址进行保护。湿壁画是从古代至二十世纪以来广泛使用的一种主要壁画技法。这种技术的独特之处在于，在潮湿的石灰泥墙面上铺设颜料，通过下层墙面中氢氧化钙的碳酸化来固定颜料。

湿壁画和干壁画作为建筑表面的一部分，经常会出现风化现象，随着时间的推移，这可能严重影响壁画的结构和组成。由此造成的退化可能包括结构损坏、美观度下降、颜料层化学和物理性质改变及砂浆成分变质。其中常见的退化特征就是颜料层的内聚力缺失。当颜料层中的颜料颗粒暴露并逐渐脱落时，就会出现内聚力缺失。这时就需要进行固化处理来加强其晶体网络并提升其结构中的机械阻力。

分散在短链醇（通常称为纳米石灰）中的氢氧化钙（Ca(OH)2）纳米颗粒已成为湿壁画固化的研究材料，同为石灰基材料，二者具有高度相容性。将纳米石灰应用于湿壁画、石灰石和石灰砂浆可以提升多孔衰变材料的强度和内聚力。纳米石灰的合成方法和固化效果是本研究团队的预研究课题。纳米石灰的主要优点是具有较高的可用表面积和更高的反应活性，能确保更快的碳酸化过程。因此，在处理后七天到一个月内可以产生持续的固化效果。然而，一些研究结论表明纳米石灰存在局限性，主要是白雾的形成，当其应用于湿壁画时尤为明显。此外，许多变量可能限制纳米石灰的应用效果，如分散溶剂、分散浓度、施工程序和环境条件等。

Preliminary Studies of the Effects of Nanoconsolidants on Mural Paint Layers  with a Lack of Cohesion

According to the International Council  on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), mural  paintings form an integral part of the  monuments and heritage sites that should  be preserved in situ whenever possible.  Frescoes are one of the main types of  mural paintings, used since antiquity till  the twentieth century. What makes this  technique so unique is that the pigments  are laid down on damp lime-based mortar  in a certain way that the pigments become  fixed by the carbonatation of the calcium  hydroxide contained in the underneath  ground.  Fresco and secco mural paintings,  being part of an architectural surface, are  often exposed to weathering phenomena,  which over time may severely affect their  structure and composition. The resulting  degradation can vary from structural  damage, aesthetic modifications, chemical  and physical alterations of the paint layers,  and mortar constituents. Among the  deterioration features commonly found in  these cases is the lack of cohesion of paint  layers. Lack of cohesion occurs when the  pigment particles in a paint layer become  exposed and gradually loose. When it  manifests, the need for a consolidation treatment emerges to strengthen its  crystalline network and to improve the  mechanical resistances within its structure.

活动报道

城市规划历史与理论高级学术研讨会暨中国城市规划学会城市规划历史与理论学术委员会年会

城市规划历史与理论高级学术研讨会暨城市规划历史与理论学术委员会年会，是以弘扬中华文化、传承城市文脉、总结发展历史、促进城市发展为宗旨，开展城市规划历史、实践和理论研究以及学术交流、科研咨询的大会。该会每年举行一次，探讨城市及其规划的历史与理论发展规律，发现规划智慧、规划遗产，寻找中国特色城市理论与规划理论的历史线索。

Advanced Symposium on History and Theory of Urban Planning & Annual  Meeting of the Academic Committee of Urban Planning History and Theory of  Urban Planning Society of China

The Senior Symposium on History  and Theory of Urban Planning & Annual  Meeting of the Academic Committee on  History and Theory of Urban Planning is  a conference for carrying out research on  the history, practice and theory of urban  planning as well as academic exchange  and scientific research consultation with  the purpose of promoting Chinese culture,  inheriting urban culture, summarizing  development history and promoting  urban development. The conference is  held once a year to explore the laws of  historical and theoretical development of cities and their planning, to discover  planning wisdom and planning heritage,  and to search for historical clues of urban  theory and planning theory with Chinese  characteristics. The conference is usually scheduled in the second half of the year.

中国城市规划学会历史文化名城规划学术委员会年会

历史文化名城规划学术委员会年会一般围绕历史文化名城保护制度展开的理论研究、实践经验及相应的国家政策导向进行探讨。近年来的会议围绕学习宣传贯彻党的二十大精神，落实以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的中心任务，更好推进历史文化保护工作展开。

Annual Meeting of the Academic Committee on Historical and Cultural City  Planning of Urban Planning Society of China

The annual meetings of the Academic  C o m m i t t e e o n P l a n n i n g o f H i s t o r i c  and Cultural Cities generally focus on  theoretical research, practical experience and  corresponding national policy orientation  of the historic and cultural city protection  system. In recent years, the meetings  have been centered on the study and  propagation of the spirit of the 20th Party  Congress, the implementation of the central  task of comprehensively promoting the  great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation  through Chinese-style modernization,  and the better promotion of historical and cultural conservation.

澳城大学子在“世界记忆·中国文献遗产创意竞赛”喜获两奖

由世界记忆项目北京学术中心（下称“北京中心”）举办的“世界记忆·中国文献遗产创意竞赛”决赛日前在中国人民大学举行。本次活动以“焕活记忆遗产，赓续璀璨文明”为主题，由北京中心于2022年中发起，并联合世界记忆项目澳门学术中心、苏州学术中心、福建学术中心以及多家学术机构推出，面向全国大学生征集基于入选《世界记忆名录》和《世界记忆亚太地区名录》的19项中国文献遗产的开发创意，让年轻学子充分了解中国的文献遗产，积极参与对珍贵文献遗产的保护和传播。

Contestants from City University of Macau won two awards in “Memory of the  World: China Documentary Heritage Innovation Contest”

The final of the Memory of the World:  China Documentary Heritage Innovation  Contest, organized by the World Memory  Project Beijing Academic Center, was held  recently at Renmin University of China. With  the theme of Revitalize Memorial Heritage  · Inherit Splendid Civilization, the event  was launched by Beijing Center in mid-2022,  and jointly launched by the World Memory  Project Macau Academic Center, Suzhou  Academic Center, Fujian Academic Center as  well as a number of academic institutions, to  solicit innovative ideas for the development  of 19 items of Chinese documentary heritage  based on the Memory of the World Register  and Memory of the World Register in AsianPacific Region, to enable young students  to fully understand China's documentary  heritage, and actively participate in the  conservation and communication of these  heritage.